< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (present) and *bʰúHt (other forms).
Conjugation
Conjugation of *byti (athematic, suppletive)
| infinitive | *byti | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| supine | *bytъ | ||
| verbal noun | *bytьje | ||
| participles | present | past | future |
| active | *sy | *byvъ | *bǫdy |
| passive | — | — | — |
| resultative | — | *bylъ | — |
| present | future | imperative | |
| 1st singular | *esmь | *bǫdǫ | — |
| 2nd singular | *esi | *bǫdešь | *bǫdi |
| 3rd singular | *estь | *bǫdetь | *bǫdi |
| 1st dual | *esvě | *bǫdevě | *bǫděve |
| 2nd dual | *esta | *bǫdeta | *bǫděta |
| 3rd dual | *este | *bǫdete | — |
| 1st plural | *esmъ | *bǫdemъ | *bǫděmъ |
| 2nd plural | *este | *bǫdete | *bǫděte |
| 3rd plural | *sǫtь | *bǫdǫtь | *bǫdǫ |
| imperfect | imperfective aorist | perfective aorist | |
| 1st singular | — | *běxъ | *byxъ |
| 2nd singular | — | *bě | *bystъ, *by |
| 3rd singular | *běaše | *bě | *bystъ, *by |
| 1st dual | — | *běxově | *byxově |
| 2nd dual | — | *běsta | *bysta |
| 3rd dual | *běašete | *běste | *byste |
| 1st plural | — | *běxomъ | *byxomъ |
| 2nd plural | — | *běste | *byste |
| 3rd plural | *běaxǫ | *běšę | *byšę |
Related terms
- *bъty / *bъtъvo / *bъtъva
- *eša
Derived terms
- *a by
- *byto (“being, creature”)
- *bytъ (“entity”)
- *bytь (“culture, essence”)
- *bytьje (“existence, being”)
- *bytьnъ (“essential, existent”)
- *byvъ (“former”)
- *bǫdǫťe (“future”)
- *bydlo (“dwelling”)
- *bylь (“plant stem, stalk”)
- *bylьje (“herb”)
- *bylьkarjь (“herbalist”)
- *čьrnobylь / *čьrnobylъ
- *o by
Related terms
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH- (0 c, 7 e)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*byti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 155
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bytьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 156
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*nebytьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 109
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bǫdǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 233
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*esmь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ne esmь, *ne esi, *ne estь/*něsmь, *něsi, *něstь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “быть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бы”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “быст”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бых”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “буду”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “будто”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бышащее”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “несть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “быть I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 290
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “было́й”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 278
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бытье́”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 291
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “быт I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 286
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бы́тый”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 290
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бы”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 269
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “быст”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 283
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бысь”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 286
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бу́ди”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 47
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бу́ду”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 53
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бу́де”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 43
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бу́дущий”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 54
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “бышащее”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 293
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “быть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 129
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bỳti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 71: “v. (a) ‘be’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “1byti: bǫdǫ bǫdetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 208, 234, 236, 260; PR 133; MP 22)”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “2byti (st. by-): jesmь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c være (PR 139)”
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “бꙑти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 204
- Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1975), “быти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ – 17ᵗʰ cc.] (in Russian), issue 1 (а – бяшенина), Moscow: Nauka, page 366
- “буть”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, (please provide a date or year) (document № 68)
- Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004), “бꙑти”, in Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect] (Studia philologica) (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 714 of 872
- “buiti”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 4 (2.2/159r), line 42
- “choku biti”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 1 (1.1/78r), line 7
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