< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verťi
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *vergti (earlier, unassimilated form, as in Derksen, Chernykh, Vasmer)
- *vergťi (earlier, partly assimilated form, as in Trubachev)
Etymology
- Derksen, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *wergʷ- (Derksen) or *wer(H)gʷ- (Snoj). Possibly cognate (per LIV) with Proto-Germanic *werpaną (“to throw”), presummably from an earlier *werkwaną with assimilation *w-kw > *w-p.
- Vasmer (favoured by BER in regard to Bulgarian въргам (vǎrgam)): Related to Sanskrit वर्जति (várjati, “to turn”), Latin vergō (“to bow, to turn”), perhaps from a g-extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer(H)- (“to twist, to turn, to thread”) or *h₂wer- (“to inflict, to subjugate”).
False friend with Lithuanian vérgti (“to enslave”), pavìrgti (“to give up, to submit”).
Verb
Alternative forms
- *vьrťi (by generalization of the present stem)
Conjugation
Conjugation of *verťi, *verže, *vьržetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *verženьje | *verťi | *verťь | *verglъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *verženъ | *vьrgomъ |
| Active | *vergъ | *vьrgy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *verg(ox)ъ | *verže | *verže | *vьrgǫ | *vьržeši | *vьržetь |
| Dual | *verg(ox)ově | *verg(e/os)ta | *verg(e/os)te | *vьrževě | *vьržeta | *vьržete |
| Plural | *verg(ox)omъ | *verg(e/os)te | *vergǫ, *vergošę | *vьržemъ | *vьržete | *vьrgǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *vьržaaxъ | *vьržaaše | *vьržaaše | — | *vьrdzi | *vьrdzi |
| Dual | *vьržaaxově | *vьržaašeta | *vьržaašete | *vьrdzěvě | *vьrdzěta | — |
| Plural | *vьržaaxomъ | *vьržaašete | *vьržaaxǫ | *vьrdzěmъ | *vьrdzěte | — |
- Notes:
- Aorist *vergeste ⇒ *veržeste, ...
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Ukrainian: вере́чи (veréčy), ве́ргти (vérhty) (formal variants of ве́рга́ти (vérháty))
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vrci
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “-вергнуть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “вере́чи”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 355
- “vergti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vergti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 515
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “vergti: vьrgǫ vьržetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a kaste (SA 208; PR 133)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “vrẹ́či”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ve̋rťi, sed. *vь̋rgǫ”
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