clywed

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh clywet, from Proto-Brythonic *klüwid, from Proto-Celtic *klusīti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-.

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈkləwɛd/
  • (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈkləwɛd/
  • Rhymes: -əwɛd

Verb

clywed (first-person singular present clywaf) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. to hear
  2. (obsolete) to listen
    Synonym: gwrando
  3. (dialect) to identify or receive impressions through the senses (excluding sight)
    1. to feel
      Synonym: teimlo
    2. to smell
      Synonym: arogli

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future clywaf clywi clyw clywn clywch clywant clywir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional clywn clywit clywai clywem clywech clywent clywid
preterite clywais clywaist clywodd clywsom clywsoch clywsant clywyd
pluperfect clywswn clywsit clywsai clywsem clywsech clywsent clywsid
present subjunctive clywyf clywech clywo clywom clywoch clywont clywer
imperative — clyw clywed clywn clywch clywent clywer
verbal noun clywed
verbal adjectives clywedig
clywadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future clywa i, clywaf i clywi di clywith o/e/hi, clywiff e/hi clywn ni clywch chi clywan nhw
conditional clywn i, clywswn i clywet ti, clywset ti clywai fo/fe/hi, clywsai fo/fe/hi clywen ni, clywsen ni clywech chi, clywsech chi clywen nhw, clywsen nhw
preterite clywais i, clywes i clywaist ti, clywest ti clywodd o/e/hi clywon ni clywoch chi clywon nhw
imperative — clywa — — clywch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • clywedog (“audible; loud, sonorous”)

Noun

clywed m (uncountable)

  1. hearing; the ability to hear; the act of hearing; reaching ear

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
clywed glywed nghlywed chlywed
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “clywaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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