sortir
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Catalan sortir (compare Occitan sortir), from Latin sortīrī (“select”), probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre; cf. also Old Catalan surt, surta).
Pronunciation
Verb
sortir (first-person singular present surto, past participle sortit)
Conjugation
| infinitive | sortir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | sortint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | sortit | sortida | |||||
| plural | sortits | sortides | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | surto | surts | surt | sortim | sortiu | surten | |
| imperfect | sortia | sorties | sortia | sortíem | sortíeu | sortien | |
| future | sortiré | sortiràs | sortirà | sortirem | sortireu | sortiran | |
| preterite | sortí | sortires | sortí | sortírem | sortíreu | sortiren | |
| conditional | sortiria | sortiries | sortiria | sortiríem | sortiríeu | sortirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | surti | surtis | surti | sortim | sortiu | surtin | |
| imperfect | sortís | sortissis | sortís | sortíssim | sortíssiu | sortissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| — | surt | surti | sortim | sortiu | surtin | ||
Derived terms
- ressortir
- sobresortir
- sortida
- sortidor
- sortir de l'armari
- sortir-se'n
References
- “sortir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “sortir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “sortir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “sortir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
From Latin sortīrī (“to select”) (present active infinitive of sortior), probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre). Compare French sortir, Italian sortire, compare also Spanish surtir.
Conjugation
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | sortir | étre sorti | |||||
| gerund | sortent | étent sorti | |||||
| auxiliary verb | étre | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | sorti | [Term?] | |||||
| plural | [Term?] | [Term?] | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | jo (j') | tu (t') | il/elli | nos | vos | ils | |
| present | sorto | sors | sort | sortens | sortids | sortont | |
| imperfect | sortien | sortias | sortiêt | sortians | sortiâds | sortiant | |
| preterite | sorti | sortis | sortit | sortirons | sortites, sortirâds | sortiront | |
| future | sortiré | sortirés | sortirat | sortirens | sortiréds | sortiront | |
| conditional | sortiren | sortirias | sortirêt | sortirians | sortiriâds | sortiriant | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of étre + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of étre + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il/el | que nos | que vos | qu'ils/els | |
| present | sorto | sortes | sorte | sortans | sortiâds | sortant | |
| imperfect | sortissen | sortissias | sortisse | sortissians | sortissiâds | sortissant | |
| compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of étre + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of étre + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | te | — | nos | vos | — | |
| sors | sortens | sortids | |||||
French
Etymology
From Old French, from Latin sortīrī, present active infinitive of sortior, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre). Compare Italian sortire, compare also Spanish surtir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɔʁ.tiʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
sortir
Usage notes
- This verb uses the auxiliary verb avoir when used transitively (or with a transitive sense, even when the complement is omitted); otherwise (when it is intransitive), it uses être.
Conjugation
This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include partir and dormir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms (je, tu) sors and (il) sort in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *sortis and *sortit (as in the past historic).
| infinitive | simple | sortir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir or être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | sortant /sɔʁ.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | sorti /sɔʁ.ti/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | sors /sɔʁ/ |
sors /sɔʁ/ |
sort /sɔʁ/ |
sortons /sɔʁ.tɔ̃/ |
sortez /sɔʁ.te/ |
sortent /sɔʁt/ |
| imperfect | sortais /sɔʁ.tɛ/ |
sortais /sɔʁ.tɛ/ |
sortait /sɔʁ.tɛ/ |
sortions /sɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
sortiez /sɔʁ.tje/ |
sortaient /sɔʁ.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | sortis /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortis /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortit /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortîmes /sɔʁ.tim/ |
sortîtes /sɔʁ.tit/ |
sortirent /sɔʁ.tiʁ/ | |
| future | sortirai /sɔʁ.ti.ʁe/ |
sortiras /sɔʁ.ti.ʁa/ |
sortira /sɔʁ.ti.ʁa/ |
sortirons /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ |
sortirez /sɔʁ.ti.ʁe/ |
sortiront /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | sortirais /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ |
sortirais /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ |
sortirait /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ |
sortirions /sɔʁ.ti.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sortiriez /sɔʁ.ti.ʁje/ |
sortiraient /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir or être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir or être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir or être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir or être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir or être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | sorte /sɔʁt/ |
sortes /sɔʁt/ |
sorte /sɔʁt/ |
sortions /sɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
sortiez /sɔʁ.tje/ |
sortent /sɔʁt/ |
| imperfect2 | sortisse /sɔʁ.tis/ |
sortisses /sɔʁ.tis/ |
sortît /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortissions /sɔʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ |
sortissiez /sɔʁ.ti.sje/ |
sortissent /sɔʁ.tis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir or être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir or être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | sors /sɔʁ/ |
— | sortons /sɔʁ.tɔ̃/ |
sortez /sɔʁ.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir or être + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir or être + past participle | simple imperative of avoir or être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- le petit oiseau va sortir
- ne pas avoir le cul sorti des ronces
- ne pas être sorti de l'auberge
- ne pas être sorti des ronces
- ressortir
- se croire sorti de la cuisse de Jupiter
- se sortir les doigts du cul
- s'en sortir
- sorti d'affaire
- sortie
- sortir de l'ombre
- sortir de l'ordinaire
- sortir de nulle part
- sortir de ses gonds
- sortir des bornes
- sortir des sentiers battus
- sortir du lot
- sortir du placard
- sortir la tête de l'eau
- sortir le grand jeu
- sortir par les trous de nez
See also
Derived terms
Further reading
- “sortir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch sorteer, sorteren, from French assortir, from Old French, from Latin sortīrī, present active infinitive of sortior, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsɔrtɪr]
- Hyphenation: sor‧tir
Derived terms
- menyortir
- penyortir
- penyortiran
- sortiran
Further reading
- “sortir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Norman
Alternative forms
- sorti (Jersey)
Etymology
From Old French, from Latin sortīrī, present active infinitive of sortior, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre).
Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Latin sortīrī (“to draw lots”). Doublet of surtir, a borrowing from French.
Verb
sortir (first-person singular present surto, third-person singular present surte, first-person singular preterite sorti, past participle sortido) (Brazil)
sortir (no stressed present indicative or subjunctive, first-person singular preterite sorti, past participle sortido) (Portugal)
Conjugation
- Brazil
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | sortir | |||||
| Personal | sortir | sortires | sortir | sortirmos | sortirdes | sortirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| sortindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | sortido | sortidos | ||||
| Feminine | sortida | sortidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | surto | surtes | surte | sortimos | sortis | surtem |
| Imperfect | sortia | sortias | sortia | sortíamos | sortíeis | sortiam |
| Preterite | sorti | sortiste | sortiu | sortimos | sortistes | sortiram |
| Pluperfect | sortira | sortiras | sortira | sortíramos | sortíreis | sortiram |
| Future | sortirei | sortirás | sortirá | sortiremos | sortireis | sortirão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| sortiria | sortirias | sortiria | sortiríamos | sortiríeis | sortiriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | surta | surtas | surta | surtamos | surtais | surtam |
| Imperfect | sortisse | sortisses | sortisse | sortíssemos | sortísseis | sortissem |
| Future | sortir | sortires | sortir | sortirmos | sortirdes | sortirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | surte | surta | surtamos | sorti | surtam | |
| Negative (não) | não surtas | não surta | não surtamos | não surtais | não surtam | |
- Portugal
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | sortir | |||||
| Personal | sortir | sortires | sortir | sortirmos | sortirdes | sortirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| sortindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | sortido | sortidos | ||||
| Feminine | sortida | sortidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | — | — | — | sortimos | sortis | — |
| Imperfect | sortia | sortias | sortia | sortíamos | sortíeis | sortiam |
| Preterite | sorti | sortiste | sortiu | sortimos | sortistes | sortiram |
| Pluperfect | sortira | sortiras | sortira | sortíramos | sortíreis | sortiram |
| Future | sortirei | sortirás | sortirá | sortiremos | sortireis | sortirão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| sortiria | sortirias | sortiria | sortiríamos | sortiríeis | sortiriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Imperfect | sortisse | sortisses | sortisse | sortíssemos | sortísseis | sortissem |
| Future | sortir | sortires | sortir | sortirmos | sortirdes | sortirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | — | — | — | sorti | — | |
| Negative (não) | — | — | — | — | — | |
Related terms
Romansch
Alternative forms
- sorteir (Surmiran)