京京

Chinese

		capital; Beijing (abbrev.)	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
simp. and trad. (京京)		京	京

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngjīng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingjing
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-ching¹
  - Yale: jīng-jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjing
  - Palladius: цзинцзин (czinczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    京京
    晶晶

Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ kˠiæŋ/

Rime
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉卿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ [k]raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ kraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]raŋ/
English	hill; capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
No.	6828
Phonetic component	京
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	驚
Old Chinese	/*kraŋ/

Adjective

京京

(literary) sad; worried; depressed
- 念我獨兮，憂心京京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  念我独兮，忧心京京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Niàn wǒ dú xī, yōu xīn jīngjīng. [Pinyin]
  I think how I stand alone,
  And the sorrow of my heart grows intense.

Synonyms

Synonyms of 京京

刺心 (cìxīn)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
酸心 (suānxīn)
青凊 (Min Nan)
黯然 (ànrán)
傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)

悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘／惨 (cǎn)
慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
難受／难受 (nánshòu)
難過／难过 (nánguò)

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