痛心

Chinese

		ache; pain; sorrow	heart; mind
simp. and trad. (痛心)		痛	心
anagram		心痛

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tòngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung³ sam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thung-sîm
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): thòng-sim

(Teochew, Peng'im): tong³ sim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tòngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tòngsin
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung⁴-hsin¹
  - Yale: tùng-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonqshin
  - Palladius: тунсинь (tunsinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung³ sam¹
  - Yale: tung sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung³ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung³ sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³³ sɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung-sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung xim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵ ɕim²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòng-sim
  - Tâi-lô: thòng-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: torngsym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɕim³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɕim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tong³ sim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thòng sim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sim³³/

Middle Chinese: /tʰuŋ^H siɪm/

Rime
Character	痛	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他貢切	息林切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ^H/	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ^H/	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ^H/	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ^H/	/sim/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ^H/	/siəm/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ^H/	/sĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ^H/	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tòng	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung³	sam¹

Adjective

痛心

pained; distressed; grieved

Synonyms

Synonyms of 痛心

京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
酸心 (suānxīn)
青凊 (Min Nan)
黯然 (ànrán)
傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)

悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘／惨 (cǎn)
慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
難受／难受 (nánshòu)
難過／难过 (nánguò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
痛	心
つう Grade: 6	しん Grade: 2
goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痛心 (thuwng^H sim, literally “pained heart”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つうしん [tsùúshíń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝːɕĩɴ]

Noun

痛(つう)心(しん) • (tsūshin)

emotional suffering, extreme worry or anxiety

Verb

痛(つう)心(しん)する • (tsūshin suru) intransitive suru (stem 痛(つう)心(しん)し (tsūshin shi), past 痛(つう)心(しん)した (tsūshin shita))

to suffer emotionally, to be extremely worried or anxious

Conjugation

Conjugation of "痛心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	痛心し	つうしんし	tsūshin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	痛心し	つうしんし	tsūshin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	痛心する	つうしんする	tsūshin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	痛心する	つうしんする	tsūshin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	痛心すれ	つうしんすれ	tsūshin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	痛心せよ¹ 痛心しろ²	つうしんせよ¹ つうしんしろ²	tsūshin seyo¹ tsūshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	痛心される	つうしんされる	tsūshin sareru
Causative	痛心させる痛心さす	つうしんさせるつうしんさす	tsūshin saseru tsūshin sasu
Potential	痛心できる	つうしんできる	tsūshin dekiru
Volitional	痛心しよう	つうしんしよう	tsūshin shiyō
Negative	痛心しない	つうしんしない	tsūshin shinai
Negative continuative	痛心せず	つうしんせず	tsūshin sezu
Formal	痛心します	つうしんします	tsūshin shimasu
Perfective	痛心した	つうしんした	tsūshin shita
Conjunctive	痛心して	つうしんして	tsūshin shite
Hypothetical conditional	痛心すれば	つうしんすれば	tsūshin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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