傷害

See also: 伤害

Chinese
injure; injury; wound
 
to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm
to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (傷害) 傷 害
simp. (伤害) 伤 害

Pronunciation

Note:
  • siên1 hai7 - Chaozhou;
  • sion1 hai7 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 傷 害
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 陽 (105) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 式羊切 胡蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨɐŋ/ /ɦɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɐŋ/ /ɦɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiɑŋ/ /ɣɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕɨaŋ/ /ɦajH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiaŋ/ /ɣɑiH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭaŋ/ /ɣɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯aŋ/ /ɣɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shāng hài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 soeng1 hoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 傷 害
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shāng hài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syang › ‹ hajH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥aŋ/ /*m-kˁat-s/
English wound hurt (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 傷 害
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 14581 4845
Phonetic
component		 昜 害
Rime
group		 陽 祭
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 商 害
Old
Chinese		 /*hljaŋ/ /*ɡaːds/
Notes 金文非丯聲，似𥎆初文加古聲，
㝬通胡

Verb

傷害

  1. to injure; to hurt
    傷害感情／伤害感情  ―  shānghài gǎnqíng  ―  to hurt someone's feelings
  2. (law) to commit assault

Synonyms
  • (to injure):

Noun

傷害

  1. injury
  2. (law) assault
  3. (video games) damage

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (傷害):

See also

Japanese
Kanji in this term
傷 害
しょう
Grade: 6		 がい
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 傷害 (MC ɕɨɐŋ ɦɑiH).

Noun

傷(しょう)害(がい) • (shōgai) 

  1. injury
    • 1949, 永(なが)井(い) 隆(たかし) (Takashi Nagai), 長崎の鐘 [The Bells of Nagasaki]:
      傷(しょう)害(がい)の原(げん)因(いん)は原(げん)子(し)爆(ばく)弾(だん)に直(ちょく)接(せつ)よるものと、その爆(ばく)発(はつ)の現(げん)象(しょう)に伴(ともな)う間(かん)接(せつ)のものとがある。
      Shōgai no gen'in wa genshibakudan ni chokusetsu yoru mono to, sono bakuhatsu no genshō ni tomonau kansetsu no mono to ga aru.
      Injuries were caused by direct exposure to the nuclear blast as well as indirectly from contact with the resulting phenomena.

Verb

傷(しょう)害(がい)する • (shōgai suru) suru (stem 傷(しょう)害(がい)し (shōgai shi), past 傷(しょう)害(がい)した (shōgai shita))

  1. to injure

Conjugation
Conjugation of "傷害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 傷害し しょうがいし shōgai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 傷害し しょうがいし shōgai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 傷害する しょうがいする shōgai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 傷害する しょうがいする shōgai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 傷害すれ しょうがいすれ shōgai sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 傷害せよ¹
傷害しろ²		 しょうがいせよ¹
しょうがいしろ²		 shōgai seyo¹
shōgai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 傷害される しょうがいされる shōgai sareru
Causative 傷害させる
傷害さす		 しょうがいさせる
しょうがいさす		 shōgai saseru
shōgai sasu
Potential 傷害できる しょうがいできる shōgai dekiru
Volitional 傷害しよう しょうがいしよう shōgai shiyō
Negative 傷害しない しょうがいしない shōgai shinai
Negative continuative 傷害せず しょうがいせず shōgai sezu
Formal 傷害します しょうがいします shōgai shimasu
Perfective 傷害した しょうがいした shōgai shita
Conjunctive 傷害して しょうがいして shōgai shite
Hypothetical conditional 傷害すれば しょうがいすれば shōgai sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Korean
Hanja in this term
傷害

Noun

傷害 • (sanghae) (hangeul 상해)

  1. Hanja form? of 상해 (“injury; wound”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
傷害

Verb

傷害

  1. chữ Hán form of thương hại (“to feel sorry for someone; to pity; to show compassion to”).
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