公主

Chinese
 
just; honorable; public
just; honorable; public; common; fair; duke; mister
 
to own; to host; master
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
trad. (公主) 公 主
simp. #(公主) 公 主
anagram 主公

Etymology

In Volume I of his 1085 treatise Records of the Origins of Affairs and Things (事物紀原), Gao Cheng (高承) quoted Chūnqiū Zhǐzhǎng Suìyù's (春秋指掌碎玉) statement that:

天子嫁女，秦漢以來，使三公主之，故呼公主也。” [MSC, trad.]
天子嫁女，秦汉以来，使三公主之，故呼公主也。” [MSC, simp.]
Tiānzǐ jià nǚ, qín hàn yǐlái, shǐ sāngōng zhǔ zhī, gù hū gōngzhǔ yě.” [Pinyin]
[When] the Son of Heaven married off a daughter, ever since Qin and Han periods, he employed [one of] the Three Dukes [gōng] (公) to host [zhǔ] (主) [the marriage]. Hence the appellation Gōngzhǔ (公主).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 公 主
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 古紅切 之庾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuŋ/ /t͡ɕɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kuŋ/ /t͡ɕioX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuŋ/ /t͡ɕioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəwŋ/ /cuə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /kuŋ/ /t͡ɕioX/
Wang
Li		 /kuŋ/ /t͡ɕĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuŋ/ /t͡ɕi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gōng zhǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gung1 zyu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 公 公 主
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gōng gōng zhǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuwng › ‹ kuwng › ‹ tsyuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qˁoŋ/ /*C.qˁoŋ/ /*toʔ/
English impartial, just; public father; prince master; host

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 公 主
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 4092 17618
Phonetic
component		 公 主
Rime
group		 東 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 公 主
Old
Chinese		 /*kloːŋ/ /*tjoʔ/

Noun

公主

  1. daughter of a monarch; princess
  2. princess (young girl or woman considered vain, spoiled or selfish)
  3. escort(euphemistic) Sex Worker

Synonyms
  • (young girl or woman considered vain): (neologism, slang) 公舉／公举 (gōngjǔ)

Derived terms
  • 公主風／公主风
  • 壽陽公主／寿阳公主
  • 大長公主／大长公主
  • 平陽公主／平阳公主
  • 鐵扇公主／铁扇公主
  • 長公主／长公主

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (公主):
  • → Japanese: 公(こう)主(しゅ) (kōshu)
  • → Korean: 공주(公主) (gongju)
  • → Mongolian: ᠭᠦ᠋ᠩᠵᠦ (güŋǰü) / гүнж (günž)
  • → Sogdian: γwnčwyh
  • → Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰨𐰖‎ (q̊¹unčy¹ /qunčui/)
  • → Karakhanid: [script needed] (qunčūy)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
公 主
こう
Grade: 2		 しゅ
Grade: 3
kan’on

Etymology

Middle Chinese 公主 (kuŋ t͡ɕɨoX, literally “her marriage is presided by the 三公 (“Three Ducal Ministers”)”)

Pronunciation

Noun

公(こう)主(しゅ) • (kōshu) 

  1. (historical, monarchy) a non-Japanese East Asian princess
    Hyponyms: 皇女, 王女

See also

Korean
Hanja in this term
公主

Noun

公主 • (gongju) (hangeul 공주)

  1. Hanja form? of 공주 (“princess”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
公主

Noun

公主

  1. chữ Hán form of công chúa (“princess”).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.