帝
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Translingual
Han character
帝 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜月中月 (YBLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱⿳亠丷冖巾)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 330, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8865
- Dae Jaweon: page 636, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 738, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5E1D
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
帝 | |
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alternative forms | 𢂇 𠫦 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 帝 | |||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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膪 | *rtaːɡs, *rteːɡs |
揥 | *tʰeds, *teː |
腣 | *teː, *teːɡs |
諦 | *teːɡs |
偙 | *teːɡs |
渧 | *teːɡs |
帝 | *teːɡs |
楴 | *tʰeːɡs |
啼 | *deː |
蹄 | *deː |
締 | *deː, *deːɡs |
崹 | *deː |
鶙 | *deː |
禘 | *deːɡs |
啻 | *hljeɡs |
嫡 | *rteɡ, *teːɡ |
摘 | *rteːɡ, *tʰeːɡ |
謫 | *rteːɡ |
讁 | *rteːɡ |
擿 | *deɡ |
蹢 | *deɡ, *teːɡ |
適 | *tjeɡ, *hljeɡ, *teːɡ |
啇 | *teːɡ |
滴 | *teːɡ |
鏑 | *teːɡ |
甋 | *teːɡ |
樀 | *teːɡ, *deːɡ |
敵 | *deːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) . Possible interpretations:
- The sepal of a flower; original form of 蒂 (OC *teːds, “stem; peduncle”).
- Tied-up firewood; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
- An altar; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
- An asterism joining three stars of Ursa Major with three of Ursa Minor, together with Thuban and Kochab. Around 2000 BCE the three top-to-bottom lines would have crossed at the north celestial pole, where the god 帝 dwelt (Pankenier, 2004).
The character's first attested use is for “God of Heaven”; it was later used as a title for emperors. Shuowen erroneously interprets the character to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *teːɡs) : semantic 丄 (“up; above”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *teɣ (“God”); compare Tibetan [script needed] (the, “celestial gods of the Bon religion”), Jingpho [script needed] (mə³¹-tai³³, “god of the sky”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *mɯ-Dai⁴ (“spirit; god”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2011). Cognate with 禘 (OC *deːɡs, “a kind of sacrifice”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, Sagart (1999) derives it from a root *tek (“to be master over; to rule over”), whence also 適 (OC *ᵃtek, “to rule; to control”), 嫡 (OC *ᵃtek, “son of principal wife”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
帝
Compounds
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Japanese
Shinjitai | 帝 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2] |
帝󠄁 帝+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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帝󠄃 帝+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
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Alternative forms
- 御門 (mikado) (see there for the kun'yomi reading's etymology)
Readings
Compounds
- 炎帝 (entei)
- 賢帝 (kentei)
- 五賢帝 (gokentei)
- 皇帝 (kōtei)
- 女帝 (jotei)
- 新帝 (shintei)
- 先帝 (sentei)
- 帝釈 (taishaku)
- 帝釈天 (taishakuten)
- 大帝 (taitei)
- 帝位 (teī)
- 帝威 (teī)
- 帝王 (teiō)
- 帝業 (teigyō)
- 帝劇 (teigeki)
- 帝国 (teikoku, “empire”)
- 帝座 (teiza)
- 帝室 (teishitsu)
- 帝城 (teijō)
- 帝政 (teisei)
- 帝大 (teidai)
- 帝都 (teito)
- 女帝 (nyotai)[3]
- 皇帝 (ōdai)
- 幼帝 (yōtei)
Derived terms
- 帝揚羽 (mikado ageha, “Graphium doson”)
References
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 760 (paper), page 430 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 487 (paper), page 256 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- According to Jinnō Shōtōki (神皇正統記) by Kitabatake Chikafusa (北畠親房), 1339, 女帝 is pronounced as によたい (nyotai).
- 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 帝 (MC teiH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎨〯 (tyěy) (Yale: tyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.