愷悌

Chinese

		joyful; kind	at ease
trad. (愷悌)		愷	悌
simp. (恺悌)		恺	悌

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎitì

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ ㄊㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǎitì
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ ㄊㄧˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaetih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎitì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ tʰi⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /kʰʌi^X dei^X/

Rime
Character	愷	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	苦亥切	徒禮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi^X/	/dei^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi^X/	/dei^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi^X/	/dɛi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj^X/	/dɛj^X/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi^X/	/dei^X/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi^X/	/diei^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i^X/	/dʱiei^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎi	dì

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ diːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ khoj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/
English	triumphal music; happy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愷	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	10103	2296
Phonetic component	豈	弟
Rime group	微	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	愷	弟
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/	/*diːlʔ/

Adjective

愷悌

(literary, of the mind) happy and content; at ease; peaceful and graceful
- 營營青蠅，止于樊。豈弟君子，無信讒言。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  营营青蝇，止于樊。岂弟君子，无信谗言。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yíngyíng qīngyíng, zhǐ yú fán. Kǎitì jūnzǐ, wùxìn chányán. [Pinyin]
  They buzz about, the blue flies,
  Lighting on the fences.
  O happy and courteous sovereign,
  Do not believe slanderous speeches.

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