溪

See also: 渓 and 谿

溪	U+6EAA, 溪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EAA

← 溩
[U+6EA9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

溫 →
[U+6EAB]

Translingual

Han character

溪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水月女大 (EBVK), four-corner 3213₄, composition ⿰氵奚)

Derived characters

𤐓, 𪷶, 𬉝, 鸂(𭰥), 𬞥

References

KangXi: page 640, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17967
Dae Jaweon: page 1047, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1702, character 9
Unihan data for U+6EAA

Chinese

trad.		溪
simp. ^#		溪
alternative forms		谿豀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (奚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
謑	qʰraːs, qʰreːs, *ɡeːʔ
膎	*ɡreː
鞵	*ɡreː
榽	ɡreː, ɡeː
鷄	*keː
雞	*keː
谿	*kʰeː
嵠	*kʰeː
溪	*kʰeː
磎	*kʰeː
螇	kʰeː, ɡeː
鸂	*kʰeː
奚	*ɡeː
豯	*ɡeː
徯	ɡeː, ɡeːʔ
蹊	*ɡeː
騱	*ɡeː
傒	*ɡeː
鼷	*ɡeː
蒵	ɡeː, ɡeːs
貕	*ɡeː
慀	*ɡeːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰeː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 奚 (OC *ɡeː).

Etymology

Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *gle, whence Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao tl̥e (“river”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xī, qī (xi¹, qi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄑㄧ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kai¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kai¹
Gan (Wiktionary): qi¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hâi

(Meixian, Guangdong): hai¹
Jin (Wiktionary): xi¹
Min Bei (KCR): kái
Min Dong (BUC): kă̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khoe / khe / khere

(Teochew, Peng'im): koi¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹qi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xī
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: si
  - Wade–Giles: hsi¹
  - Yale: syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, dated variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ci
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kai¹
  - Yale: kāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâi
  - Hakka Romanization System: hai´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hai̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /haɪ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xi¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕi¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kă̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Hsinchu, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
  - Tâi-lô: khue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kʰue³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
  - Tâi-lô: khe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kʰe⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khere
  - Tâi-lô: khere

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- khoe - vernacular;
- khe - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: koi¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khoi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoi³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹qi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /kʰei/

Rime
Character	溪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦奚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰei/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰei/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛj/
Li Rong	/kʰei/
Wang Li	/kʰiei/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤe/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰeː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ khej ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁe/
English	valley with stream in it
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溪
Reading #	1/1
No.	13360
Phonetic component	奚
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	谿
Old Chinese	/*kʰeː/
Notes	同谿

Definitions

溪

stream; creek; brook; rivulet; rill
(dialectal) river
(Min Dong) unsophisticated; gauche; stupid
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 溪 (MC kʰei)
a surname: Xi

Compounds

Derived terms from 溪

三溪 (Sānxī)
下淡水溪
九畹溪 (Jiǔwǎnxī)
八掌溪
剡溪
卓溪 (Zhuóxī)
周溪 (Zhōuxī)
四溪 (Sìxī)
大安溪
大溪 (Dàxī)
大溪地 (Dàxīdì)
大甲溪
大肚溪
太平溪 (Tàipíngxī, “Taipingxi”)
孟家溪 (Mèngjiāxī)
小溪口 (Xiǎoxīkǒu)
小溪塔 (Xiǎoxītǎ)
小溪河 (Xiǎoxīhé)
山溪 (shānxī)
山溪坳 (Shānxī'ào)
岳溪 (Yuèxī)
左溪寺 (Zuǒxīsì)
巫溪 (Wūxī)
平溪 (Píngxī)
新店溪
昂昂溪 (Áng'ángxī)
曾文溪
本溪 (Běnxī)
杉林溪
林家溪 (Línjiāxī)
栗溪 (Lìxī)

檀溪 (Tánxī)
沙溪 (Shāxī)
泉溪 (Quánxī)
洋溪 (Yángxī)
浣花溪
淯溪 (Yùxī)
清溪 (Qīngxī)
溪仔 (khe-á) (Min Nan)
溪口坪 (Xīkǒupíng)
溪壑
溪客
溪州 (Xīzhōu)
溪床 (xīchuáng)
溪林 (Xīlín)
溪步
溪流 (xīliú)
溪湖 (Xīhú)
溪藤
溪谷 (xīgǔ)
濂溪
玉溪 (Yùxī)
碧溪
磻溪
礁溪 (Jiāoxī)
端溪
竹溪／竹谿 (zhúxī)
竹溪六逸
米潭溪 (Mǐtánxī)
苕溪
若耶溪
赤溪河 (Chìxīhé)

霅溪
香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
廣溪峽／广溪峡
東溪／东溪 (Dōngxī)
楊溪灣／杨溪湾 (Yángxīwān)
楊溪鋪／杨溪铺 (Yángxīpù)
樂天溪／乐天溪 (Lètiānxī)
歷溪／历溪 (Lìxī)
沙鎮溪／沙镇溪 (Shāzhènxī)
浣紗溪／浣纱溪
溪丘灣／溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
溪東／溪东 (Xīdōng)
溪澗／溪涧 (xījiàn)
溪錢／溪钱
溪頭／溪头
溪鴨／溪鸭
漿溪店／浆溪店 (Jiāngxīdiàn)
濁水溪／浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
磨針溪／磨针溪
礁溪鄉／礁溪乡
秀姑巒溪／秀姑峦溪
蘭陵溪／兰陵溪 (Lánlíngxī)
蘭陽溪／兰阳溪 (Lányángxī)
螺溪石硯／螺溪石砚
螺溪硯／螺溪砚
豐溪／丰溪 (Fēngxī)
雙溪／双溪 (shuāngxī)
馬躍檀溪／马跃檀溪
鯉溪／鲤溪 (Lǐxī)
鱷溪／鳄溪
龍溪／龙溪 (Lóngxī)

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 溪 *– see 谿 (“used in compounds”).* (This character, 溪, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 谿.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Shinjitai	渓
Kyūjitai	溪

Kanji

溪

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 渓)

valley

Readings

On (unclassified): けい (kei)
Kun: たに (tani, 溪)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 溪 (MC kʰei). Recorded as Middle Korean 계 (kyey) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 溪 (eumhun 시내 계 (sinae gye))

Hanja form^? of 계 (“stream”).

Compounds

계곡 (溪谷, gyegok)
계류 (溪流, gyeryu)
청계 (淸溪, cheonggye)
계수 (溪水, gyesu)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

溪: Hán Nôm readings: khe, khê

Creek or stream

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