秒

秒 U+79D2, 秒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D2
← 科
[U+79D1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 秓 →
[U+79D3]

Translingual

Han character

秒 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火竹 (HDFH), four-corner 29920, composition ⿰禾少)

References
  • KangXi: page 850, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24952
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2593, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+79D2

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (小) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觘 *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
抄 *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
鈔 *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
訬 *sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ
炒 *sʰroːʔ
吵 *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ
耖 *sm̥ʰreːws
仯 *sm̥ʰreːws
眇 *mewʔ
渺 *mewʔ
杪 *mewʔ
秒 *mewʔ
篎 *mewʔ, *mews
妙 *mews
玅 *mews
釥 *sm̥ʰewʔ
小 *smewʔ
少 *hmjewʔ, *hmjews
麨 *m̥ʰjewʔ
尠 *senʔ, *smos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 秒

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Taiwan:
    • biáu - literary;
    • bió - vernacular.
Note:
  • miao2 - Shantou;
  • miou2 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 秒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 亡沼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /miᴇuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /miɛuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mjæuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /miawX/
Li
Rong		 /miɛuX/
Wang
Li		 /mĭɛuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ɛuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 miǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 miu5
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 秒
Reading # 1/1
No. 13698
Phonetic
component		 小
Rime
group		 宵
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 眇
Old
Chinese		 /*mewʔ/

Definitions

秒

  1. (obsolete) awn; arista
  2. (obsolete) tiny; minute; insignificant
  3. (obsolete) tip; end; extremity
  4. Classifier for time: second
    一天有86400秒。  ―  Yī tiān yǒu 86400 miǎo.  ―  There are 86,400 seconds in one day.
  5. Classifier for measuring an angle or latitude/longitude: second; arcsecond
  6. (obsolete) unit of length equal to 0.0001 cun
  7. (neologism, Internet slang, by extension) in seconds; immediately; instantly; at once
Synonyms
Compounds
  • 位元每秒
  • 分秒
  • 披秒
  • 每秒千比特
  • 比特每秒
  • 毫秒 (háomiǎo)
  • 秒回 (miǎohuí)
  • 秒差距 (miǎochājù)
  • 秒忽
  • 米每秒
  • 分秒必爭／分秒必争 (fēnmiǎobìzhēng)
  • 每秒位元數／每秒位元数
  • 每秒傳輸千位元數／每秒传输千位元数
  • 每秒傳送位數／每秒传送位数
  • 每秒千位元數／每秒千位元数
  • 每秒千字節／每秒千字节

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 秒 – see 藐 (“small; young; to look down on; to think little of; etc.”).
(This character, 秒, is the second-round simplified form of 藐.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
秒

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. second

Readings

Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
秒
びょう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

秒(びょう) • (byō) ←べう (beu)?

  1. second (one-sixtieth of a minute; SI unit of time)
  2. second (unit of angular measure)

References
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 묘 (myo) based on Middle Chinese 秒 (MC miᴇuX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448묘ᇢ〯 (Yale: myǒw)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 秒 (eumhun 초 초 (cho cho))

  1. Hanja form? of 초 (“the SI unit of time, second”).
  2. Hanja form? of 초 (“(geometry) a second of arc”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

秒: Hán Nôm readings: miểu, sao

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