罔

罔	U+7F54, 罔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F54

← 罓
[U+7F53]

CJK Unified Ideographs

罕 →
[U+7F55]

Translingual

Han character

罔 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月廿卜女 (BTYV), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿵𦉰亡 or ⿵冂𠅇)

Derived characters

𠵜, 𫰻, 惘, 𭡐, 𣶈, 𪱣, 棢, 焹, 𪻫, 䃃, 網, 𦖉, 蝄, 𠬏, 誷(𫍬), 輞(辋), 龬, 魍, 䱩, 菵

References

KangXi: page 946, character 30

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28211

Dae Jaweon: page 1387, character 21

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2914, character 2

Unihan data for U+7F54

Chinese

trad.		罔
simp. ^#		罔
alternative forms		冈𠔿𡦽𡧏㒺冈𠔿𡦽𡧏㒺𠕏𦉸𦉽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 罔
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)			Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
忙	*maːŋ
芒	maːŋ, maŋ
茫	*maːŋ
恾	*maːŋ
吂	maːŋ, maːŋs
汒	maːŋ, maŋs
朚	maːŋ, hmaːŋ, maŋ, mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙	maːŋ, maŋ
杗	maːŋ, maŋ
荒	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋs
肓	*hmaːŋ
衁	*hmaːŋ
巟	*hmaːŋ
詤	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ
謊	*hmaːŋʔ
喪	smaːŋs, smaːŋ
亡	*maŋ
望	maŋ, maŋs
莣	*maŋ
朢	maŋ, maŋs
鋩	*maŋ
硭	*maŋ
忘	maŋ, maŋs
网	*mlaŋʔ
罔	*mlaŋʔ
蛧	*maŋʔ
網	*mlaŋʔ
輞	*maŋʔ
棢	*maŋʔ
惘	*maŋʔ
菵	*maŋʔ
誷	*maŋʔ
魍	*maŋʔ
妄	*maŋs
盲	*mraːŋ
蝱	*mraːŋ
虻	*mraːŋ
氓	*mraːŋ
甿	*mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ).

Etymology

“not have; not”: From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ), with an Old Chinese auxiliary verb derivative suffix *-ʔ.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wǎng (wang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mong⁵
Min Dong (BUC): muōng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bóng

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhuang²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǎng
  - Wade–Giles: wang³
  - Yale: wǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woang
  - Palladius: ван (van)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mong⁵
  - Yale: móhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: mong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ¹³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: muōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muoŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bóng
  - Tâi-lô: bóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: borng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhuang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /buaŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /mʉɐŋ^X/

Rime
Character	罔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	文兩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/miuaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/mĭwaŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/miwaŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mlaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjang^X ›
Old Chinese	/maŋʔ/ (or C.maŋʔ ?)
English	net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罔
Reading #	1/1
No.	12674
Phonetic component	亡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	网
Old Chinese	/*mlaŋʔ/
Notes	亦同網

Definitions

罔

^† Alternative form of 網／网.
(literary) to not have
(literary) not
(literary) to deceive; to hide (truth) from
(archaic) to falsely accuse; to wrong (someone); to slander
Synonym: 冤枉 (yuānwang)
(Min Dong, with verbs and adjectives) the more... the more
(Min Dong, with verbs) while (usually used as a pair: doing X while doing Y
(Min Dong) although

Compounds

勿罔
惝罔
欺上罔下
欺世罔俗
欺主罔上
欺公罔法
欺君罔上 (qījūnwǎngshàng)
欺天罔人
欺天罔地 (qī tiān wǎng dì)

欺罔
罔上虐下
罔知所措
迷罔
附上罔下
附下罔上
名垂罔極／名垂罔极
悵罔／怅罔
昊天罔極／昊天罔极 (hàotiānwǎngjí)

罔兩／罔两
罔極／罔极 (wǎngjí)
罔極之恩／罔极之恩
罔顧／罔顾 (wǎnggù)
置若罔聞／置若罔闻 (zhìruòwǎngwén)
藥石罔效／药石罔效 (yàoshíwǎngxiào)
誕罔不經／诞罔不经
誣罔／诬罔

Japanese

Kanji

罔

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: もう (mō)

Kan-on: ぼう (bō)

Kun: あみ (ami); しいる (shiiru, 罔る); ない (nai)

Korean

Hanja

罔 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang))

Hanja form^? of 망 (“net”).
Hanja form^? of 망 (“deceive”).
Hanja form^? of 망 (“libel”).
Hanja form^? of 망 (“negative”).

Pai-lang

Etymology

Compare Burmese မင်း (mang:, “monarch; royal; high official”).

Noun

罔 (*muaŋʔ)

official

References

Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

Vietnamese

Han character

罔: Hán Nôm readings: vóng, vọng, võng

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