霧

See also: 露 and 雾
霧 U+9727, 霧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9727
← 霦
[U+9726] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 霨 →
[U+9728]

Translingual

Han character

霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱雨務)

References
  • KangXi: page 1377, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+9727

Chinese
trad. 霧
simp. 雾
alternative forms 雺
霚
霿

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
堥 *muː, *mu
蓩 *muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱 *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅 *mruː
罞 *mruː, *muːŋ
蝥 *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜 *mruː
瞀 *moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗 *moːɡs
袤 *mus
雺 *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋 *mus
楙 *mus
矛 *mu
蟊 *mu
髳 *mu, *muːŋ
鍪 *mu
鞪 *mu, *moːɡ
糅 *ml'us
腬 *ml'us, *mlju
柔 *mlju
揉 *mju
蹂 *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒 *mju
騥 *mju
蝚 *mju
葇 *mju, *mjuʔ
鞣 *mju, *mjus
鰇 *mju
瑈 *mju
鶔 *mju
楺 *mjuʔ
煣 *mjuʔ, *mjus
輮 *mjuʔ, *mjus
韖 *mjuʔ
敄 *moʔ, *mos
務 *moɡs
鶩 *moɡs, *moːɡ
騖 *moɡs
婺 *moɡs
霚 *moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍 *moɡs
霧 *moɡs, *moːŋ
霿 *moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘 *moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • mū - verncular;
  • ū - literary.
Note:
  • u5 - vernacular;
  • u4 - literary.
Rime
Character 霧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 亡遇切
Baxter mjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mioH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /muə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /mioH/
Wang
Li		 /mĭuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mou6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 霧
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjuH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kə.m(r)[o]k-s/
English fog, mist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 霧
Reading # 1/2
No. 8856
Phonetic
component		 矛
Rime
group		 竇
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 務
Old
Chinese		 /*moɡs/
Notes 見爾雅，說文作霚

Definitions

霧

  1. fog; mist
  2. vapour; fine spray
  3. (Hokkien) blurry
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 霧 (“fog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 霧, 霧氣, 霧靄
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 霧, 霧氣
Mandarin Beijing 霧
Taiwan 霧
Harbin 霧
Yantai (Muping) 霧, 霧露
Jinan 霧
Luoyang 霧
Wanrong 霧
Xi'an 霧, 霧氣
Yinchuan 霧
Lanzhou 霧, 霧氣
Xining 霧, 霧氣
Ürümqi 霧
Wuhan 霧
Chengdu 霧, 霧罩, 霧氣
Guiyang 霧罩, 雲霧
Guilin 霧
Liuzhou 霧, 霧水
Xuzhou 霧
Yangzhou 霧
Nanjing 霧
Hefei 霧
Cantonese Guangzhou 霧
Hong Kong 霧
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 霧
Macau 霧
Guangzhou (Panyu) 霧
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 霧
Guangzhou (Conghua) 霧
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 霧, 大頭霧
Foshan 霧
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 霧
Foshan (Shunde) 霧
Foshan (Sanshui) 霧
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 霧
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 霧
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 霧
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 霧
Zhuhai (Doumen) 霧
Jiangmen (Baisha) 霧
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 霧
Taishan 霧
Kaiping (Chikan) 霧
Enping (Niujiang) 霧
Heshan (Yayao) 霧
Dongguan 霧, 霧水
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 霞霧
Yangjiang 霧
Danzhou 霧露
Gan Nanchang 霧
Lichuan 濛, 霧
Pingxiang 霧露, 霧
Hakka Meixian 霧, 濛沙
Xingning 濛沙
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 霧
Huidong (Daling) 霧, 濛霧
Dongguan (Qingxi) 濛霞
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 濛露
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 霧
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 濛沙
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 沙霧
Conghua (Lütian) 露
Changting 濛沙
Wuping 濛沙
Wuping (Pingyu) 濛沙
Liancheng 濛沙
Ninghua 露
Yudu 霧露
Ruijin 濛沙
Shicheng 濛
Shangyou (Shexi) 濛露
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 濛沙煙
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 濛沙煙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 濛煙
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 濛沙煙, 濛煙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 濛沙煙, 濛煙
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 濛
Huizhou Jixi 霧
Jin Taiyuan 霧
Xinzhou 霧
Min Bei Jian'ou 露
Min Dong Fuzhou 雺
Min Nan Xiamen 霧, 雺
New Taipei (Sanxia) 雺霧
Kaohsiung 霧
Yilan 霧
Changhua (Lukang) 霧
Taichung 霧, 雺
Tainan 霧
Hsinchu 霧
Kinmen 霧
Penghu (Magong) 霧
Manila (Hokkien) 霧
Chaozhou 霧
Leizhou 霧
Wenchang 霧
Haikou 霧
Min Zhong Yanping (Wangtai) 霧
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 霧
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 罩子
Wu Shanghai 霧, 霧露, 迷霧
Shanghai (Chongming) 迷露
Suzhou 迷露
Danyang 霧
Hangzhou 霧露
Ningbo 霧露
Wenzhou 幔, 幔露
Jinhua 霧
Jinhua (Tangxi) 霧露
Xiang Changsha 霧, 罩子, 罩
Loudi 霧, 罩子 thick
Shuangfeng 霧, 霧罩, 霧罩子

Compounds
Derived terms from 霧

Descendants
  • → Proto-Tai: *ʰmoːkᴰ
    • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰmɔːkᴰᴸ¹
  • → Proto-Vietic: *k-mɔːk

Etymology 2
trad. 霧
simp. 雾
alternative forms 潕／𣲘

Pronunciation

Definitions

霧

  1. (Hokkien) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)
  2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to gush upwards

Etymology 3
trad. 霧
simp. 雾

Pronunciation

Definitions

霧

  1. (Min Bei) Alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”).

Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 霧 – see 霿 (“gloomy; dim; overcast; fog; etc.”).
(This character, 霧, is a variant form of 霿.)

Japanese

Kanji
霧

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

霧(きり) • (kiri) 

  1. mist, fog
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
      重霧 下奇利
    • 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
      水(みず)に住(す)んでいる精(せい)霊(れい)。まわりを霧(きり)でつつみこみ視(し)界(かい)を奪(うば)う。
      Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.
      A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.

See also

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mɨoH). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 霧 (eumhun 안개 무 (an'gae mu))

  1. Hanja form? of 무 (“fog; mist”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

霧: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, mù

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