鼾
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Translingual
Han character
鼾 (Kangxi radical 209, 鼻+3, 17 strokes, cangjie input 竹中一十 (HLMJ), four-corner 21240, composition ⿰鼻干)
Further reading
- KangXi: page 1530, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48505
- Dae Jaweon: page 2066, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4779, character 7
- Unihan data for U+9F3E
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
鼾 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 𰯶 | |
| alternative forms | 哻 ancient | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
| 肝 | *kaːn |
| 竿 | *kaːn |
| 干 | *kaːn |
| 奸 | *kaːn |
| 玕 | *kaːn |
| 汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 迀 | *kaːn |
| 忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 鳱 | *kaːn |
| 邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
| 秆 | *kaːnʔ |
| 矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
| 仠 | *kaːnʔ |
| 皯 | *kaːnʔ |
| 衦 | *kaːnʔ |
| 簳 | *kaːnʔ |
| 擀 | *kaːnʔ |
| 旰 | *kaːns |
| 盰 | *kaːns |
| 幹 | *kaːns |
| 杆 | *kaːns |
| 骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
| 桿 | *kaːnʔ |
| 趕 | *kaːnʔ |
| 稈 | *kaːnʔ |
| 刊 | *kʰaːn |
| 靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
| 衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
| 犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
| 豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn |
| 頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
| 岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
| 鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
| 罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
| 焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
| 蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
| 虷 | *ɡaːn |
| 旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 釬 | *ɡaːns |
| 扞 | *ɡaːns |
| 閈 | *ɡaːns |
| 馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
| 捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 悍 | *ɡaːns |
| 銲 | *ɡaːns |
| 垾 | *ɡaːns |
| 駻 | *ɡaːns |
| 睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
| 娨 | *ɡraːns |
| 飦 | *kan |
| 赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
| 軒 | *qʰan |
| 蓒 | *qʰan |
| 酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
| 澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns) : semantic 鼻 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hal (“to snore”). Compare Tibetan ཧལ (hal, “to pant; to wheeze; to snort; to snore”).
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Compounds
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
References
- “Entry #12487”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼾 |
| かん Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 鼾 (MC hɑn, ɦɑnH, “snoring”).
Only found in compounds. Not used in isolation.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼾 |
| いびき Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 息 (i, “breath, breathing”) + 引き (hiki, “pulling, drawing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 引く hiku “to pull, to draw”).[1][2] The hiki changes to biki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Derived terms
Usage notes
The verb sense “to snore” is more commonly expressed using the verbal phrases 鼾を掻く (ibiki o kaku, literally “to make a snoring sound”) or 鼾を立てる (ibiki o tateru, literally “to raise a snore, to put up a snore”).
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 鼾し | いびきし | ibiki shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 鼾し | いびきし | ibiki shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 鼾する | いびきする | ibiki suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 鼾する | いびきする | ibiki suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 鼾すれ | いびきすれ | ibiki sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 鼾せよ¹ 鼾しろ² |
いびきせよ¹ いびきしろ² |
ibiki seyo¹ ibiki shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 鼾される | いびきされる | ibiki sareru | |
| Causative | 鼾させる 鼾さす |
いびきさせる いびきさす |
ibiki saseru ibiki sasu | |
| Potential | 鼾できる | いびきできる | ibiki dekiru | |
| Volitional | 鼾しよう | いびきしよう | ibiki shiyō | |
| Negative | 鼾しない | いびきしない | ibiki shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 鼾せず | いびきせず | ibiki sezu | |
| Formal | 鼾します | いびきします | ibiki shimasu | |
| Perfective | 鼾した | いびきした | ibiki shita | |
| Conjunctive | 鼾して | いびきして | ibiki shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 鼾すれば | いびきすれば | ibiki sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Synonyms
- 鼾く (ibiku) (rare, probably obsolete)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼾 |
| くつち Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 癲狂 癲癇 |
Apparently the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of obsolete verb 鼾つ (kutsutsu, “to sleep while snoring”, possibly onomatopoeic).[1]
The epilepsy sense may have arisen from how one's breathing may be spastic and vaguely similar to snoring when suffering an epileptic seizure.
However, the conjugation of this putative verb is unknown, and it is only encountered in what would be the nominalized 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of kutsuchi.[1] This leaves open the possibility of alternative origins:
- May be a compound of 口 (kutsu, “mouth”, the bound form of modern 口 (kuchi), only found in compounds) + 風 (chi, “wind”, from the way that snoring often happens when breathing through the mouth, or from the way that an epileptic seizure may involve spastic breathing vaguely similar to snoring).
- The epilepsy sense may be a compound of 口 (kutsu, “mouth”, the bound form of modern 口 (kuchi), only found in compounds) + 血 (chi, “blood”, from the common occurrence of biting one's tongue during an epileptic seizure).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝt͡ɕi]
Synonyms
- (epilepsy): 癲癇 (tenkan)
Derived terms
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
鼾 • (han) (hangeul 한, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
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