baka
English
Noun
baka (plural bakas or baka)
- (voodoo) An evil spirit in Haitian belief, often in the form of an animal.
- 1953, Maya Daren, The Divine Horsemen, McPherson & Company 2004, p. 113:
- Under his sign the malevolent bocor may take the shape of an animal, and men may be transformed into terrible bakas.
- 1969, Milo Rigaud, Secrets of Voodoo, page 83:
- A person has only to serve the baka incorrectly to have it turn against its owner and do him irremediable harm by reason of the very duality of its composition.
- 2001, Jennie Marcelle Smith, When the Hands Are Many, page 77:
- Because a baka can destroy a family's (or even a whole neighborhood's) well-being, there is great interest in catching and destroying them.
- 1953, Maya Daren, The Divine Horsemen, McPherson & Company 2004, p. 113:
Adjective
Related terms
Anagrams
Anyi
References
- Burmeister, Jonathan (1987), “Numbers before letters — Ivory Coast literacy program”, in G. Gagné, F. Daems, S. Kroon, J. Sturm and E. Tarrab, editors, Selected Papers in Mother Tongue Education / Études en pédagogie de la langue maternelle, Dordrecht, The Netherlands & Montréal, Canada: Foris Publications Holland; Centre de Diffusion P.P.M.F. primaire, Université de Montréal, →ISBN, page 23 of 19–25
- Wichmann, Søren, Eric W. Holman, and Cecil H. Brown (eds.). (2020). The ASJP Database (version 19).
Further reading
- Burmeister, Jonathan L. (1983), “L’agni”, in Atlas des langues kwa de Côte d’Ivoire, volume 1, Paris & Abidjan: Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique (ACCT); Institut de Linguistique Appliquée (ILA), Université d’Abidjan
- Pyne, P. C. (1977), “Anyi”, in M. E. Kropp Dakubu, editor, West African language data sheets, volume 1, Legon, Ghana: West African Linguistic Society
Bikol Central
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- IPA(key): /ˈbaka/
Etymology 2
From Proto-Philippine *bakáq.[1] Compare Tagalog baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Ilocano baka.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- IPA(key): /ˈbakaʔ/
References
- baka on trussel2.com
Cebuano
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- IPA(key): /ˈbaka/, [ˈba.kʌ]
Noun
baka
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:baka.
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɛaːʰka/
- Rhymes: -ɛaːʰka
- Homophone: bakað
Verb
baka (third person singular past indicative bakaði, third person plural past indicative bakað, supine bakað)
- to bake
Conjugation
Conjugation of baka (group v-30) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | baka | |
supine | bakað | |
participle (a6)1 | bakandi | bakaður |
present | past | |
first singular | baki | bakaði |
second singular | bakar | bakaði |
third singular | bakar | bakaði |
plural | baka | bakaðu |
imperative | ||
singular | baka! | |
plural | bakið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Fula
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
References
- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
Hausa
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Etymology 2
From baki.
Hiligaynon
Related terms
Hungarian
Etymology
Probably a doublet of boka, via its former meaning of “boots”, expressing a booted soldier. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɒkɒ]
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- Rhymes: -kɒ
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | baka | bakák |
accusative | bakát | bakákat |
dative | bakának | bakáknak |
instrumental | bakával | bakákkal |
causal-final | bakáért | bakákért |
translative | bakává | bakákká |
terminative | bakáig | bakákig |
essive-formal | bakaként | bakákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | bakában | bakákban |
superessive | bakán | bakákon |
adessive | bakánál | bakáknál |
illative | bakába | bakákba |
sublative | bakára | bakákra |
allative | bakához | bakákhoz |
elative | bakából | bakákból |
delative | bakáról | bakákról |
ablative | bakától | bakáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
bakáé | bakáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
bakáéi | bakákéi |
Possessive forms of baka | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | bakám | bakáim |
2nd person sing. | bakád | bakáid |
3rd person sing. | bakája | bakái |
1st person plural | bakánk | bakáink |
2nd person plural | bakátok | bakáitok |
3rd person plural | bakájuk | bakáik |
Further reading
- baka in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- baka in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Iban
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baka/
- Rhymes: -ka
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpaːka/
- Rhymes: -aːka
Etymology 1
From the verb baka (“to bake”).
Declension
Derived terms
- kjötbaka
Etymology 2
From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Conjugation
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að baka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
bakað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
bakandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég baka | við bökum | present (nútíð) |
ég baki | við bökum |
þú bakar | þið bakið | þú bakir | þið bakið | ||
hann, hún, það bakar | þeir, þær, þau baka | hann, hún, það baki | þeir, þær, þau baki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég bakaði | við bökuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég bakaði | við bökuðum |
þú bakaðir | þið bökuðuð | þú bakaðir | þið bökuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það bakaði | þeir, þær, þau bökuðu | hann, hún, það bakaði | þeir, þær, þau bökuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
baka (þú) | bakið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
bakaðu | bakiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að bakast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
bakast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
bakandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég bakast | við bökumst | present (nútíð) |
ég bakist | við bökumst |
þú bakast | þið bakist | þú bakist | þið bakist | ||
hann, hún, það bakast | þeir, þær, þau bakast | hann, hún, það bakist | þeir, þær, þau bakist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég bakaðist | við bökuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég bakaðist | við bökuðumst |
þú bakaðist | þið bökuðust | þú bakaðist | þið bökuðust | ||
hann, hún, það bakaðist | þeir, þær, þau bökuðust | hann, hún, það bakaðist | þeir, þær, þau bökuðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
bakast (þú) | bakist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
bakastu | bakisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
bakaður | bökuð | bakað | bakaðir | bakaðar | bökuð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
bakaðan | bakaða | bakað | bakaða | bakaðar | bökuð | |
dative (þágufall) |
bökuðum | bakaðri | bökuðu | bökuðum | bökuðum | bökuðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
bakaðs | bakaðrar | bakaðs | bakaðra | bakaðra | bakaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
bakaði | bakaða | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
bakaða | bökuðu | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
bakaða | bökuðu | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
bakaða | bökuðu | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu |
Etymology 3
Form of bak (“a back”).
Ilocano
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- IPA(key): /ˈbaka/
Derived terms
- agbaka
- mamaka
Etymology 2
From Proto-Philippine *bakáq. [1] Compare Bikol Central baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Tagalog baka.
References
- baka on trussel2
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay baka, baqa, from Classical Malay باک (baka), بقاٴ (baqa), from Arabic بقاء (“remaining, lasting, enduring”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [baka]
References
- “baka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Pronunciation
Audio (MY) (file)
Adjective
baka (Jawi spelling باک)
- patriarchal, ruled by men
- sistem (kuasa) baka
- a patriarchal system
- sistem (kuasa) baka
Antonyms
Noun
baka (Jawi spelling باک, plural baka-baka, informal 1st possessive bakaku, 2nd possessive bakamu, 3rd possessive bakanya)
Further reading
- “baka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- båkå (dialectal)
Verb
baka (present tense bakar or baker, past tense baka or bakte, past participle baka or bakt, passive infinitive bakast, present participle bakande, imperative bak)
- alternative form of bake (baka is split-infinitive and/or a-infinitive verb form)
References
- “baka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-. Compare Old English bacan (English bake), Old Saxon bakkan (Low German backen), Dutch bakken, Old High German bahhan, backan (German backen).
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
References
- “baka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | bako | bakā |
Accusative (second) | bakaṃ | bake |
Instrumental (third) | bakena | bakehi or bakebhi |
Dative (fourth) | bakassa or bakāya or bakatthaṃ | bakānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | bakasmā or bakamhā or bakā | bakehi or bakebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | bakassa | bakānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | bakasmiṃ or bakamhi or bake | bakesu |
Vocative (calling) | baka | bakā |
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈba.ka/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aka
- Syllabification: ba‧ka
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From earlier babka; compare bȁba.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bǎːka/
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
Noun
báka f (Cyrillic spelling ба́ка)
- (hypocoristic) grandmother, grandma
- (hypocoristic, regional) old woman
Declension
References
- “baka” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Sranan Tongo
Swahili
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of -baka | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Conjugation
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | baka | bakas | ||
Supine | bakat | bakats | ||
Imperative | baka | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | baken | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | bakar | bakade | bakas | bakades |
Ind. plural1 | baka | bakade | bakas | bakades |
Subjunctive2 | bake | bakade | bakes | bakades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | bakande | |||
Past participle | bakad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Tagalog
Alternative forms
- baca – obsolete
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- IPA(key): /ˈbaka/, [ˈba.xɐ]
Derived terms
- baka-baka
- baka-bakahan
- bakahan
- batuk-baka
- gabaka
- kapong baka
- magbabaka
- matang-baka
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bakáq. Compare Bikol Central baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Ilocano baka.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- IPA(key): /baˈkaʔ/, [bɐˈxaʔ]
- IPA(key): /ˈbaka/, [ˈba.xɐ] (colloquial)
Derived terms
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ba‧ka
- IPA(key): /ˈbaka/, [ˈba.xɐ]
Noun
baka (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ)
Derived terms
- bakahin
- kabaka
- kabakahin
- magbaka
- makibaka
- makipagbaka
- pagbabaka
- pakikibaka