kel
Cypriot Arabic
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech kel, from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɛl]
- Hyphenation: kel
- Rhymes: -ɛl
Declension
Derived terms
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /keːl/, [kʰeːˀl]
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɛl]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: kel
- Rhymes: -ɛl
Etymology 1
From Proto-Ugric *kälä-, possibly derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kälä- (“to ford”).[1] Akin to Mansi ква̄луӈкве (kwāluŋkwe, “to rise”).
Verb
kel
- (obsolete) come and go, get about (to transport oneself from place to place)[2]
- (intransitive) to get up, rise (from sleep; occasionally more broadly from a lying or sitting position)
- (intransitive, of the sun or moon) to rise
- Synonym: felkel
- (intransitive, of a seedling) to sprout, shoot, bud, germinate
- Synonyms: sarjad, kibújik
- (intransitive, of a young bird or insect) to hatch (to be hatched)
- (intransitive, cooking, of dough) to rise
- (intransitive, figuratively, in expressions) to start, set off, take off
- (intransitive, figuratively, archaic or poetic) to rise, arise (chiefly of emotions, their outward expressions, or natural forces like wind)
- Synonyms: keletkezik, kezdődik, támad
- (intransitive, marketing, chiefly after adverbs) to be sought-after, in demand
- (intransitive, of a piece of writing) to be dated (only in the past tense)
Conjugation
1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kelek | kelsz | kel | kelünk | keltek | kelnek |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | |||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | keltem | keltél | kelt | keltünk | keltetek | keltek | |
Def. | ― | |||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kelnék | kelnél | kelne | kelnénk | kelnétek | kelnének |
Def. | ― | |||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | keljek | kelj or keljél |
keljen | keljünk | keljetek | keljenek |
Def. | ― | |||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
Infinitive | kelni | kelnem | kelned | kelnie | kelnünk | kelnetek | kelniük | |
Other nonfinite verb forms |
Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
kelés | kelő | kelt | ― | kelve | kelhet |
Derived terms
- kelendő
- keleszt
- keletkezik
- keletlen
- kelt
- jár-kel
(With verbal prefixes):
- birokra kel
- életre kel
- ki korán kel, aranyat lel
- lába kel
- szárnyra kel
- útra kel
- versenyre kel
- védelmére kel
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).
Noun
kel (plural kelek)
- Savoy cabbage
- Synonym: kelkáposzta
- (in phrases and compounds) a type of Brassica (cabbage and similar plants), including kale, cauliflower, napa cabbage, and Brussels sprout
- Hyponyms: fodros kel, kínai kel
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kel | kelek |
accusative | kelt | keleket |
dative | kelnek | keleknek |
instrumental | kellel | kelekkel |
causal-final | kelért | kelekért |
translative | kellé | kelekké |
terminative | kelig | kelekig |
essive-formal | kelként | kelekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kelben | kelekben |
superessive | kelen | keleken |
adessive | kelnél | keleknél |
illative | kelbe | kelekbe |
sublative | kelre | kelekre |
allative | kelhez | kelekhez |
elative | kelből | kelekből |
delative | kelről | kelekről |
ablative | keltől | kelektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kelé | keleké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
keléi | kelekéi |
Possessive forms of kel | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kelem | keljeim |
2nd person sing. | keled | keljeid |
3rd person sing. | kelje | keljei |
1st person plural | kelünk | keljeink |
2nd person plural | keletek | keljeitek |
3rd person plural | keljük | keljeik |
References
- Entry #259 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
- kel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- (to get up, to rise): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (Savoy cabbage): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Old Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kel | kla, kly | kli, klové (kloví), kly |
genitive | kla, klu | klú (klou) | klóv (kluov, klů), kel |
dative | klu, klovi | kloma, klama | klóm (kluom, klům) |
accusative | kel, kla | kla, kly | kly |
vocative | kle | kla, kly | kli, klové (kloví), kly |
locative | klě (kle), klu, klovi | klú (klou) | kliech (klích), klech, klách |
instrumental | klem | kloma, klama | kly, klmi, klami |
Descendants
- Czech: kel
Further reading
- “kel”, in Vokabulář webový: webové hnízdo pramenů k poznání historické češtiny [online], Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, 2006–2023
Slovak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɛɫ/
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).
Noun
kel m inan (genitive singular kelu, nominative plural kely, genitive plural kelov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension
Derived terms
- do kelu
- kelový
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Noun
kel m inan (genitive singular kla, nominative plural kly, genitive plural klov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension
Derived terms
- klový
Further reading
- kel in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Swedish
Etymology
Deverbal from kela
Declension
Declension of kel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | kel | kelet | — | — |
Genitive | kels | kelets | — | — |
References
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish كل (kel, “bald”), from Persian کل (kal, “bald”). Cognate to kelle (“head”) and ultimately to Latin calvus (“bald”), Old English calu (“bald”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈcæl/
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | kel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | keli | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | kel | keller | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | keli | kelleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | kele | kellere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | kelde | kellerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | kelden | kellerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | kelin | kellerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
Descendants
- → Romanian: chel
Volapük
Wolof
Yetfa
References
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 122
Zou
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kel˧˩/
Etymology 2
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kal, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la. Cognates include Khumi Chin ämäkei and Mizo kal.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kəl˧/
Etymology 3
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaal.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kəl˧/
Derived terms
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 46, 81