rok
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rɔk/
Audio (file)
Breton
References
- Walter W[illiam] Skeat (1910), “ROGUE”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Press, published 1963, →OCLC.
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. Cognate with Slovak rok, Polish rok, Old Church Slavonic рокъ (rokŭ), Russian срок (srok), Ukrainian рік (rik) and Serbo-Croatian rȍk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrok]
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ok
Noun
rok m inan
Declension
Derived terms
- finanční rok
- kalendářní rok
- přestupný rok
- ročenka
- roční
- ročník
- školní rok
See also
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rɔk/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: rok
- Rhymes: -ɔk
- Homophone: rock
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Noun
Descendants
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrok/, [ˈro̞k]
- Rhymes: -ok
- Syllabification(key): rok
Usage notes
- Often used in the form rok-lintu (“roc-bird”).
Declension
Inflection of rok (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | rok | rokit | ||
genitive | rokin | rokien | ||
partitive | rokia | rokeja | ||
illative | rokiin | rokeihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | rok | rokit | ||
accusative | nom. | rok | rokit | |
gen. | rokin | |||
genitive | rokin | rokien | ||
partitive | rokia | rokeja | ||
inessive | rokissa | rokeissa | ||
elative | rokista | rokeista | ||
illative | rokiin | rokeihin | ||
adessive | rokilla | rokeilla | ||
ablative | rokilta | rokeilta | ||
allative | rokille | rokeille | ||
essive | rokina | rokeina | ||
translative | rokiksi | rokeiksi | ||
instructive | — | rokein | ||
abessive | rokitta | rokeitta | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of rok (type risti) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rɔːk/
- Rhymes: -ɔːk
Indonesian

Etymology 1
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrɔk]
- Hyphenation: rok
Derived terms
- rok asimetris
- rok balerina
- rok balet
- rok balon
- rok berulas
- rok celana
- rok dalam
- rok duyung
- rok kerut
- rok ketat
- rok landung
- rok lilit
- rok lipat
- rok lonceng
- rok lurus
- rok maksi
- rok midi
- rok mini
- rok pantai
- rok pias
- rok rimpel
- rok sarung
- rok sepan
- rok Skotlandia
- rok terompet
- rok tulip
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrɔk]
- Hyphenation: rok
Noun
rok
Further reading
- “rok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latvian
Livonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.
Maranao
Related terms
- roh (“spirit”)
References
- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Declension
Template:rfinf
Derived terms
- rocznie
- roczyć impf
Descendants
- Polish: rok
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old English rēc, Old Frisian rēk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr.
Descendants
- Middle Low German: rōk
- Low German: Röök
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.[1]
Noun
rok m inan (diminutive roczek)
- year (solar year)
- (by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)
- year (calendar year)
- year (scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
- (obsolete, law) court case
- (obsolete) engagement, betrothal
- (Middle Polish) indiscriminate length of time
- (Middle Polish) age of a being
- Synonym: wiek
- (Middle Polish) agreed upon length of time for work or employment
- (Middle Polish) time set aside for performing a task
Declension
Declension
Derived terms
- jak rok długi
- rocznicowo
- rocznikowo
- rok w rok
- z roku na rok
- Nowy Rok
- pora roku
- (obsolete) roczba
- (archaic) roczeń
- roczniaczek
- (Middle Polish) roczniaczka
- roczniak
- rocznica
- rocznie
- rocznik
- rocznikarstwo
- rocznikarz
- (obsolete) rocznokrąg
- roczność
- (obsolete) roczyć
- (Middle Polish) roczyny
- (Middle Polish) roczyzna
- rok akademicki
- rok Pański
- rok przestępny
- rok szkolny
- rok świetlny
- rok zerowy
- rokować impf
- zostawać na drugi rok impf, zostać na drugi rok pf
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rok is one of the top 10,355 most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 413 times in news, 297 times in essays, 53 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, totaling 1025 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ida Kurcz (1990), “rok”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 496
Further reading
- rok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- rok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “rok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
- “ROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.10.2016
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 555
- rok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. Cognate with Russian срок (srok), Czech, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, and Slovene rok.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [rok]
Noun
rok m inan (genitive singular roka, roku, nominative plural roky, genitive plural rokov, declension pattern of dub)
- year
- Nový rok New Year’s Day
- roku Pána anno Domini
Declension
Further reading
- rok in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Slovene
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Ternate
Etymology
From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɾok]
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh