Hyainailourini

Hyainailourini ("hyena-cats") is an extinct polyphyletic tribe of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa, Asia and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene.[3][4]

Hyainailourini
Temporal range: Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene
illustration of Falcatodon schlosseri
Pterodon dasyuroides skull
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Superfamily: †Hyainailouroidea
Family: †Hyainailouridae
Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae
Tribe: †Hyainailourini
Ginsburg, 1980[1]
Type genus
†Hyainailouros
(polyphyletic genus)
Biedermann, 1863
Genera
[see classification]
Synonyms
  • Hyaninailourini (Ginsburg, 1980)
  • Pterodontini (Lavrov, 1999)[2]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy
  • Tribe: †Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) (Ginsburg, 1980)
    • Genus: †Exiguodon (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
      • †Exiguodon pilgrimi (Savage, 1965)
    • Genus: †Falcatodon (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
      • †Falcatodon schlosseri (Holroyd, 1999)
    • Genus: †Hyainailouros (polyphyletic genus) (Biedermann, 1863)
      • †Hyainailouros bugtiensis (Pilgrim, 1912)
      • †Hyainailouros napakensis (Ginsburg, 1980)
      • †Hyainailouros sulzeri (Biedermann, 1863)
    • Genus: †Parapterodon (Lange-Badré, 1979)
      • †Parapterodon lostangensis (Lange-Badré, 1979)
    • Genus: †Sectisodon (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
      • †Sectisodon markgrafi (Holroyd, 1999)
      • †Sectisodon occultus (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
    • Genus: †Sivapterodon (Ginsburg, 1980)
      • †Sivapterodon lahirii (Pilgrim, 1932)
    • Subtribe: †Isohyaenodontina (polyphyletic subtribe) (Lavrov, 1999)
      • Genus: †Isohyaenodon (polyphyletic genus) (Savage, 1965)
        • †Isohyaenodon andrewsi (Savage, 1965)
        • †Isohyaenodon zadoki (Savage, 1965)
    • (unranked): †Pterodon clade
      • Genus: †Kerberos (Solé, 2015)
        • †Kerberos langebadreae (Solé, 2015)
      • Subtribe: †Pterodontina (Lavrov, 1999)
        • Genus: †Pterodon (Blainville, 1839)
          • †Pterodon dasyuroides (Blainville, 1839)
      • Incertae sedis:
        • †"Pterodon" syrtos (Holroyd, 1999)
    • Incertae sedis:
      • †"Pterodon" africanus (Andrews, 1903)
      • †"Pterodon" phiomensis (Osborn, 1909)
      • †"Pterodon" sp. [DPC 5036] (Holroyd, 1999)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of tribe Hyainailourini are shown in the following cladogram:[5][6][7][8][9][10]

 †Hyaenodonta 

†Eoproviverra

†Boualitomidae

†Arfiidae

†Limnocyonidae

†Sinopidae

†Hyaenodontoidea

†Gazinocyon

†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

 †Afro‑Arabian clade 

†Parvavorodon

†Indohyaenodontidae

†Glibzegdouia

†Koholiidae

†Tritemnodon

†Teratodontidae

†Apterodontinae

†Maocyon

 †Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade

†Orienspterodon

†Hyainailourinae

†Hemipsalodon

 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 †Akhnatenavus clade

†Akhnatenavus

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

 †Kerberos 

†Kerberos langebadreae

†"Pterodon" syrtos

 †Pterodon clade
 †Pterodontina 
 †Pterodon 

†Pterodon dasyuroides

†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

†"Pterodon" africanus

 †Parapterodon 

†Parapterodon lostangensis

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

†Hyainailourini

†Paroxyaenini

 †Sectisodon 

†Sectisodon markgrafi

†Sectisodon occultus

 †Falcatodon 

†Falcatodon schlosseri

 †Exiguodon 

†Exiguodon pilgrimi

†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

 †Sivapterodon 

†Sivapterodon lahirii

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

†Hyainailouros sulzeri

†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

†Simbakubwa

†Leakitheriini

†Megistotherium

†Mlanyama

†Metapterodontini

†Pakakali

†Prionogalidae

  †Hyainailouridae 
†Lahimia clade
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade

See also

References
  1. Ginsburg, L. (1980.) "Hyainailouros sulzeri, mammifère créodonte du Miocène européen." Annales de Paléontologie, 66: 19–73.
  2. A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
  3. Floréal Solé; Eli Amson; Matthew Borths; Dominique Vidalenc; Michael Morlo; Katharina Bastl (2015). "A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)". PLOS ONE. 10 (9): e0135698. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035698S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135698. PMC 4580617. PMID 26398622.
  4. Jorge Morales; Martin Pickford (2017). "New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) and Grillental (Namibia)" (PDF). Fossil Imprint. 73 (3–4): 332–359. doi:10.2478/if-2017-0019. S2CID 31350436.
  5. Laudet, V.; Grohé, C.; Morlo, M.; Chaimanee, Y.; Blondel, C.; Coster, P.; Valentin, X.; Salem, M.; Bilal, A. A.; Jaeger, J. J.; Brunet, M. (2012). "New Apterodontinae (Hyaenodontida) from the Eocene Locality of Dur At-Talah (Libya): Systematic, Paleoecological and Phylogenetical Implications". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e49054. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...749054G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049054. PMC 3504055. PMID 23185292.
  6. Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  7. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E0222B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  8. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13. S2CID 219585388.
  9. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.
  10. Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). "A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819. ISSN 2296-701X.
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