Proviverridae

Proviverridae ("before civets") is an extinct family of placental mammals from extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to late Eocene deposits in Europe.[6][7][8]

Proviverridae
Temporal range: Early to Late Eocene
Fossil of Lesmesodon edingeri
Skull of Proviverra typica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Superfamily: †Hyaenodontoidea
Family: †Proviverridae
Schlosser, 1886[1]
Type genus
†Proviverra
Rütimeyer, 1862
Genera
  • †Minimovellentodon
  • †Morlodon
  • †Parvagula
  • (unranked): †Allopterodon/Proviverra clade
Synonyms
list of synonyms:
  • Proviverrida (Haeckel, 1895)[2]
  • Proviverrinae (Matthew, 1909)[3]
  • Proviverrini (Van Valen, 1965)[4]
  • Stypolophinae (Trouessart, 1885)[5]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy
  • Family: †Proviverridae (Wortman, 1902)
    • Genus: †Minimovellentodon (Solé, 2014)
      • †Minimovellentodon russelli (Solé, 2014)
    • Genus: †Morlodon (Solé, 2013)
      • †Morlodon vellerei (Solé, 2013)
    • Genus: †Parvagula (Lange-Badré, 1987)
      • †Parvagula palulae (Lange-Badré, 1987)
    • (unranked): †Allopterodon/Proviverra clade
      • Genus: †Allopterodon (Ginsburg, 1977)
        • †Allopterodon bulbosus (Lange-Badré, 1979)
        • †Allopterodon minor (Filhol, 1877)
        • †Allopterodon torvidus (Van Valen, 1965)
      • Genus: †Lesmesodon (Morlo & Habersetzer, 1999)
        • †Lesmesodon behnkeae (Morlo & Habersetzer, 1999)
        • †Lesmesodon edingeri (Springhorn, 1982)
        • †Lesmesodon gunnelli (Solé, 2021)
      • Genus: †Proviverra (Rütimeyer, 1862)
        • †Proviverra typica (Rütimeyer, 1862)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of family Proviverridae are shown in the following cladogram:[9][10][11][12][13]

 †Hyaenodonta 

†Eoproviverra

†Boualitomidae

 †Hyaenodontoidea 
 †Proviverridae 
 †Allopterodon 

†Allopterodon minor

†Allopterodon torvidus

†Allopterodon bulbosus

 †Proviverra 

†Proviverra typica

 †Lesmesodon 

†Lesmesodon gunnelli

†Lesmesodon behnkeae

†Lesmesodon edingeri

 †Morlodon 

†Morlodon vellerei

 †Minimovellentodon 

†Minimovellentodon russelli

 †Parvagula 

†Parvagula palulae

†Hyaenodontidae

†Arfiidae

†Limnocyonidae

†Sinopidae

†Gazinocyon

†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

 †Afro‑Arabian clade 

†Parvavorodon

†Indohyaenodontidae

†Glibzegdouia

†Koholiidae

†Tritemnodon

†Teratodontidae

†Apterodontinae

†Maocyon

 †Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade

†Orienspterodon

†Hyainailourinae

†Hemipsalodon

 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 †Akhnatenavus clade

†Akhnatenavus

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

†Kerberos

†"Pterodon" syrtos

 †Pterodon clade

†Pterodontina

†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

†"Pterodon" africanus

†Parapterodon

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

†Hyainailourini

†Paroxyaenini

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

†Exiguodon

†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

†Sivapterodon

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

†Hyainailouros sulzeri

†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

†Simbakubwa

†Leakitheriini

†Megistotherium

†Mlanyama

†Metapterodontini

†Pakakali

†Prionogalidae

 †Hyainailouridae
†Lahimia clade
†Allopterodon/Proviverra
clade
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade

See also

References
  1. Schlosser, M. (1886.) "Paläontologische Notizen. Über das Verhältnis der Cope’schen Creodonta zu den übrigen Fleischfressern." Morphologische Jahrbuch 12: 287–294.
  2. Haeckel, Ernst (1895). Systematische Phylogenie: Wirbelthiere (in German). Vol. T.3. Berlin: G. Reimer.
  3. W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  4. Van Valen, Leigh (1965). "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)" (PDF). Palaeontology. 8: 638–665.
  5. Trouessart, E. L. (1885.) "Note sur le classification des Analgésiens et diagnoses d'espèces et de genres nouveaux." Bulletin de la Société d'études scientifiques d'Angers, 14, 46–89. [Publ. February, 1885. for year 1884.]
  6. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  7. Floréal Solé (2013). "New proviverrine genus from the Early Eocene of Europe and the first phylogeny of Late Palaeocene–Middle Eocene hyaenodontidans (Mammalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 11 (4): 375–398. doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.686927. S2CID 84734979.
  8. Floréal Solé; Jocelyn Falconnet; Laurent Yves (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155.
  9. Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  10. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E0222B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  11. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  12. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.
  13. Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). "A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819. ISSN 2296-701X.
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