垢

垢 U+57A2, 垢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A2
← 垡
[U+57A1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 垣 →
[U+57A3]

Translingual

Han character

垢 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土竹一口 (GHMR), four-corner 42161, composition ⿰土后)

Derived characters
  • 𢞄, 𬈉

References
  • KangXi: page 228, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5058
  • Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 440, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+57A2

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 垢

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (后) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
垢 *koːʔ
詬 *koːʔ, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs
茩 *koːʔ
姤 *koːs
銗 *ɡoː
骺 *ɡoː
后 *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs
垕 *ɡoːʔ
郈 *ɡoːʔ
逅 *ɡoːs
鲘
缿 *ɡoːs, *ɡroːŋʔ

Pronunciation

Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kió/kó͘ - literary.
Note:
  • gao2 - vernacular;
  • gou3 - literary.
Rime
Character 垢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古厚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kəuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kəuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəwX/
Li
Rong		 /kuX/
Wang
Li		 /kəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gau2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 垢
Reading # 1/1
No. 5160
Phonetic
component		 后
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 苟
Old
Chinese		 /*koːʔ/

Definitions

垢

  1. filth; dirt
    油垢  ―  yóugòu  ―  greasy dirt
  2. filthy
  3. (obsolete) dust
  4. (literary) shame
    alt. forms: 詬／诟 (gòu)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 皴 (“grime on one's skin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 污垢
Mandarin Beijing 皴兒, 皴, 泥兒, 泥拘拘兒, 泥拘溜兒, 泥卷兒
Taiwan 污垢
Harbin 皴
Luoyang 垢圿
Xi'an 垢圿
Yinchuan 垢圿
Lanzhou 垢圿
Ürümqi 垢圿
Wuhan 圪漬
Chengdu 圿圿
Guiyang 格膩
Xuzhou 疙子
Yangzhou 𪣩
Nanjing 古漆頭兒, 古漆, 古𪣩
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 垢圿
Cantonese Guangzhou 老泥
Hong Kong 老泥
Taishan 老泥
Kaiping (Chikan) 老泥
Dongguan 老絡
Gan Nanchang 垢圿
Pingxiang 老㿸, 㿸
Hakka Meixian 㿸
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 㿸
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 㿸
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 㿸
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 㿸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 㿸
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 㿸
Jin Taiyuan 圪搓搓
Xinzhou 黑水
Min Bei Jian'ou 垢
Min Dong Fuzhou 垢
Min Nan Xiamen 鉎, 垢圿
Quanzhou 垢圿
Tainan 鉎, 垢圿鉎
Manila (Hokkien) 垢圿
Shantou 垢圿
Jieyang 垢圿, 垢圿丸
Leizhou 垢圿
Haikou 垢圿
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 老泥
Wu Shanghai 𪣩, 老𪣩
Danyang 𪣩
Ningbo 泥鏽
Wenzhou 零藏
Xiang Changsha 㿸圿子, 㿸

Compounds
Derived terms from 垢

Japanese

Kanji
垢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. grime

Readings
  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kun: あか (aka, 垢); はじ (haji, 垢)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
垢
あか
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

垢(あか) • (aka) 

  1. scum
  2. dirt

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
垢
あか
Hyōgaiji
(ateji)
kun’yomi

ateji (当て字), short for English account.

Pronunciation

Noun

垢(あか) • (aka) 

  1. (slang, computing) account
    垢(あか)BAN(バン)
    aka-ban
    ban of one's account
    • さっきプレミアム垢(あか)にしてきたので画質(がしつ)テスト版(ばん)です。
      Sakki puremiamu aka ni shitekita no de gashitsu tesuto ban desu.
      I just made my account a premium account, so this is a video quality test version.

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
垢
く
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

垢(く) • (ku) 

  1. klesha

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

垢: Hán Nôm readings: cấu, cáu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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