孩

孩 U+5B69, 孩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B69
← 孨
[U+5B68] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 孪 →
[U+5B6A]

Translingual
Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

孩 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓木卜女人 (NDYVO), four-corner 10482, composition ⿰子亥)

Derived characters
  • 𫫂, 𢱙

References
  • KangXi: page 279, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6977
  • Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1015, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5B69

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 孩
alternative forms 㜾

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
該 *kɯː
垓 *kɯː
賅 *kɯː
陔 *kɯː
豥 *kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄 *kɯː, *krɯː
郂 *kɯː
姟 *kɯː
絯 *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐 *kɯː
峐 *kɯː
侅 *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲 *kɯː
頦 *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒 *kʰɯː
輆 *kʰɯːʔ
欬 *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋 *ŋɡɯːɡs
閡 *ŋɡɯːɡs
咳 *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩 *ɡɯː
亥 *ɡɯːʔ
劾 *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎 *krɯː
烗 *kʰrɯːɡs
骸 *ɡrɯː
駭 *ɡrɯːʔ
刻 *kʰɯːɡ
餩 *qɯːɡ
核 *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯː) : semantic 子 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).

Etymology

Smith (2011) groups this word along with these items into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”:

  • 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”), and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”),
  • 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”),
  • 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”),
  • 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch".

He suggests a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː) by voicing, glossing 孩 as “to sprout”; the derivation is not explained any further. However, this sense does not seem to be attested.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 孩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸來切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʌi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦəi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəj/
Li
Rong		 /ɣᴀi/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hái
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hoi4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 孩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hái
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hoj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˁə/
English child

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 孩
Reading # 1/1
No. 4824
Phonetic
component		 亥
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 孩
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡɯː/

Definitions

孩

  1. child; youngster; baby
    男孩兒／男孩儿  ―  nánháir  ―  boy
  2. (literary) young and small; childish
  3. (literary) to have tender affection for
  4. (literary) to regard as a child
  5. (obsolete) Alternative form of 咳 (hái, “(of baby) to giggle; to laugh”).
  6. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 孩

Japanese

Kanji
孩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings
  • Go-on: がい (gai)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai)
  • Kun: ちのみご (chinomigo, 孩)

Korean

Hanja

孩 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae)

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Vietnamese

Han character

孩: Hán Nôm readings: hài, hời

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