宰

See also: 幸

宰	U+5BB0, 宰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB0

← 宯
[U+5BAF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

宱 →
[U+5BB1]

Translingual

Han character

宰 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十卜廿十 (JYTJ), four-corner 3040₁, composition ⿱宀辛)

Derived characters

𠹼𢟓𢲟滓榟㱰𥻮縡䏁䮨䔂

References

KangXi: page 286, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7160

Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 935, character 6

Unihan data for U+5BB0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宰
alternative forms		𡨧𡨔𠈾𡪤

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (宰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
宰	*ʔsɯːʔ
縡	ʔsɯːʔ, ʔsɯːs
梓	*ʔsɯʔ
滓	*ʔsrɯʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 (“house”) + 䇂.

In the modern form, contains 辛 instead.

Etymology

Uncertain. Compare with Burmese စိုး (cui:, “to dominate, to rule, to govern, to manage”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zǎi (zai³)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˇ

(Chengdu, SP): zai³
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chái
Jin (Wiktionary): zai²
Min Dong (BUC): cāi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chái / cháiⁿ / táiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): zai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
  - Wade–Giles: tsai³
  - Yale: dzǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
  - Palladius: цзай (czaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zai³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zaai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoi²
  - Yale: jói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zoi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chái
  - Hakka Romanization System: zai`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zai³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zai²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chái
  - Tâi-lô: tsái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zae
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sai⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsáinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zvae
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sãi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sãi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: táinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tãi⁵³/

Note:

chái/cháiⁿ - literary;
táiⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zai²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʌi^X/

Rime
Character	宰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作亥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səj^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀi^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒi^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ tsoj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁəʔ/
English	steward; minister
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宰
Reading #	1/1
No.	16506
Phonetic component	宰
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宰
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːʔ/

Definitions

宰

to slaughter; to butcher
宰殺／宰杀 ― zǎishā ― to slaughter; to butcher

宰了一頭豬／宰了一头猪 ― zǎi le yī tóu zhū ― slaughtered one pig
(historical) prefect; minister
縣宰／县宰 ― xiànzǎi ― head of a county; county magistrate
to govern; to rule
主宰 ― zhǔzǎi ― to dominate; to rule; to dictate;
(colloquial) to overcharge
挨宰 ― ái zǎi ― to get ripped off

宰客 ― zǎikè ― to rip off customers
a surname: Zai

Synonyms

(to slaughter):

Dialectal synonyms of 宰 (“to slaughter; to butcher”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		宰, 屠
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		宰殺, 屠宰
Mandarin	Beijing	宰, 殺, 治 fish
	Taiwan	宰, 殺
	Jinan	宰, 殺, 治
	Xi'an	宰, 殺
	Wuhan	宰, 殺, 治 fish
	Chengdu	宰, 殺
	Yangzhou	殺, 宰, 治 fish
	Hefei	殺, 治 fish
	Singapore	殺
Cantonese	Guangzhou	劏, 善 chicken
	Hong Kong	劏
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	劏
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	劏
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	劏
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	劏
	Macau	劏
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	劏
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	劏
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	劏
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	劏
	Foshan	劏
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	劏
	Foshan (Shunde)	劏
	Foshan (Sanshui)	劏
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	劏
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	劏
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	劏
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	劏
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	劏
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	劏
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	劏
	Taishan	劏
	Kaiping (Chikan)	劏
	Enping (Niujiang)	劏
	Heshan (Yayao)	劏
	Dongguan	劏
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	劏
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	劏
	Qingyuan	劏
	Fogang	劏
	Yingde (Hanguang)	劏
	Yangshan	劏
	Lianshan (Butian)	劏
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	劏
	Shaoguan	劏
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	劏
	Renhua	劏
	Lechang	劏
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	劏
	Sihui	劏
	Guangning	劏
	Deqing	劏
	Huaiji	劏
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	劏
	Yunfu	劏
	Xinxing	劏
	Luoding	劏
	Yunan (Pingtai)	劏
	Yangjiang	劏
	Nanning	劏
	Wuzhou	劏
	Yulin	劏
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	劏
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	劏
Gan	Nanchang	殺, 治 fish
Hakka	Meixian	治
	Xingning	治
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	劏, 捋
	Huiyang	劏
	Huidong (Daling)	治
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	劏, 治
	Boluo (Bendihua)	劏, 捋
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	劏
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	劏
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	治
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	治, 劏 chicken
	Wuhua (Changbu)	治
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	治
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	捋, 劏
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	捋, 劏
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	捋
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	捋
	Wengyuan	劏
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	劏, 度
	Liannan	劏
	Conghua (Lütian)	劏
	Jiexi	治
	Luhe	治
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	治
	Changting	治
	Wuping	治
	Wuping (Yanqian)	治
	Wuping (Pingyu)	治
	Liancheng	治
	Ninghua	破
	Ningdu	治
	Ruijin	治 pig, 殺 chicken
	Shicheng	殺
	Shangyou (Shexi)	治
	Tonggu (Sandu)	治
	Dayu	破
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	治
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	治
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	治
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	治
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	治
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	治
	Hong Kong	劏
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	劏
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	劏
	Xinyi (Sihe)	劏
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	劏
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	劏
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	劏
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	劏
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	劏
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	劏
	Mengshan (Xihe)	劏
	Luchuan	劏
	Sabah (Longchuan)	劏
	Senai (Huiyang)	劏
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	劏
	Singkawang	劏
Jin	Taiyuan	宰, 殺
Min Bei	Jian'ou	刣
	Songxi	刣
	Zhenghe	刣
	Jianyang	刣
	Wuyishan	刣
Min Dong	Fuzhou	刣, 刺
	Changle	刣
	Lianjiang	刣
	Fuqing	刣
	Pingtan	刣
	Yongtai	刣
	Minqing	刣
	Gutian	刣
	Pingnan	刣
	Luoyuan	刣
	Fu'an	刣
	Ningde	刣
	Xiapu	刣
	Zherong	刣
	Shouning	刣
	Zhouning	刣
	Fuding	刣
Min Nan	Xiamen	刣
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	刣
	Quanzhou	刣
	Jinjiang	刣
	Nan'an	刣
	Shishi	刣
	Hui'an	刣
	Anxi	刣
	Yongchun	刣
	Dehua	刣
	Zhangzhou	刣
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	刣
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	刣
	Hua'an	刣
	Nanjing	刣
	Pinghe	刣
	Zhangpu	刣
	Yunxiao	刣
	Zhao'an	刣
	Dongshan	刣
	Tainan	刣
	Kinmen	刣
	Penang (Hokkien)	刣
	Manila (Hokkien)	刣
	Longyan	刣
	Zhangping	刣
	Datian	刣
	Chaozhou	刣
	Shantou	刣
	Shantou (Chenghai)	刣
	Jieyang	刣
	Lufeng	刣
	Haifeng	刣
	Bangkok (Teochew)	刣
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	刣
	Leizhou	刣
	Wenchang	刣
	Haikou	刣
Puxian Min	Putian	刣
	Putian (Donghai)	刣
	Putian (Jiangkou)	刣
	Putian (Nanri)	刣
	Xianyou	刣
	Xianyou (Fengting)	刣
	Xianyou (Youyang)	刣
Min Zhong	Yong'an	刣
	Sanyuan	刣
	Shaxian	刣
Shehua	Fu'an	戮
	Fuding	戮
	Luoyuan	戮
	Sanming	戮
	Shunchang	戮
	Hua'an	戮
Wu	Suzhou	殺
Wu	Wenzhou	㷟, 殺
Xiang	Changsha	殺, 宰
Xiang	Shuangfeng	殺

Compounds

主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
任人宰割 (rènrénzǎigē)
伴食宰相
元宰
冢宰
出宰
大冢宰
太宰
宰予
宰制 (zǎizhì)
宰割 (zǎigē)
宰夫
宰客 (zǎikè)
宰我

宰相 (zǎixiàng)
宰衡 (zǎihéng)
屠宰 (túzǎi)
山中宰相
庖宰
弄獐宰相
烹宰
真宰
荃宰
邑宰
里宰
圓宰／圆宰
宰殺／宰杀 (zǎishā)
宰牲節／宰牲节 (Zǎishēngjié)

宰輔／宰辅
屠宰場／屠宰场 (túzǎichǎng)
屠宰稅／屠宰税
廊廟宰／廊庙宰
彭澤宰／彭泽宰
摸稜宰相／摸棱宰相
敲牛宰馬／敲牛宰马
甌宰／瓯宰
當朝宰相／当朝宰相
縣宰／县宰
鐵血宰相／铁血宰相
電宰廠／电宰厂
電宰豬肉／电宰猪肉
風流宰相／风流宰相

References

“宰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

宰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

superintend

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kun: つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 宰る); つかさ (tsukasa, 宰); みこともち (mikotomochi, 宰)
Nanori: おさむ (osamu, 宰)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
宰
みこともち Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 宰 – see the following entry.

【みこともち】

[noun] (archaic, possibly obsolete, historical) in ancient Japan prior to the Taika Reform, a governor appointed by the emperor to carry out imperial policies in the provinces

Alternative spellings
宰, 司

(This term, 宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
宰
おさむ Grade: S
nanori

For pronunciation and definitions of 宰 – see the following entry.

【おさむ】

[proper noun] 修, 収, 宰, 摂, 治, 理, 納: a male given name

Alternative spellings
修, 収, 宰, 摂, 治, 理, 納

(This term, 宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宰 (MC t͡sʌi^X). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄌᆡ〯 (cǒy) (Yale: cǒy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɛ(ː)] ~ [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [재(ː)/제(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 宰 (eumhun 재상 재 (jaesang jae))

Hanja form^? of 재 (“official (person)”).

Compounds

주재 (主宰, jujae)
재상 (宰相, jaesang)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

宰: Hán Nôm readings: tể

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