精
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Translingual
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Han character
精 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))
References
- KangXi: page 910, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7CBE
- Unihan data for U+FA1D
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.
Pronunciation 1
| trad. | 精 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 精 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𰪱 | |
Definitions
精
- polished rice
- essence; energy
- spirit; energy; vigour
- 故上悖日月之明,下爍山川之精,中墮四時之施,惴耎之蟲,肖翹之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]
- It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.
故上悖日月之明,下烁山川之精,中堕四时之施,惴耎之虫,肖翘之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- seminal fluid; semen
- spirit; soul
- essence; concentrate
- demon; goblin
- (dialectal, of meat) lean
- alt. forms: 腈 (jīng)
- fine; refined
- pure; unmixed
- concentrated; sincere
- clear; bright
- exquisite; profound
- extremely; very
- to be proficient; to be expert at
- to expose; to be bare
- smart; clever
- Alternative form of 睛 (jīng).
- Alternative form of 菁 (jīng).
- Alternative form of 晶 (jīng).
- (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 精 (MC t͡siᴇŋ)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 精液 (“semen”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 瘦 (“lean (meat)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 瘦 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 瘦 |
| Taiwan | 瘦 | |
| Harbin | 瘦 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 瘦 | |
| Jinan | 瘦 | |
| Luoyang | 瘦 | |
| Wanrong | 瘦 | |
| Xi'an | 瘦 | |
| Xining | 瘦 | |
| Ürümqi | 瘦 | |
| Wuhan | 瘦 | |
| Chengdu | 瘦 | |
| Guiyang | 瘦 | |
| Guilin | 瘦 | |
| Liuzhou | 瘦 | |
| Xuzhou | 瘦 | |
| Yangzhou | 瘦 | |
| Nanjing | 瘦 | |
| Hefei | 精 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 瘦 |
| Hong Kong | 瘦 | |
| Dongguan | 瘦 | |
| Yangjiang | 瘦 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 瘦, 精 |
| Lichuan | 精 | |
| Pingxiang | 精 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 精 |
| Yudu | 精 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 精 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 瘦 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 瘦 |
| Songxi | 瘦 | |
| Jianyang | 瘦 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 㾪 |
| Fuqing | 㾪 | |
| Gutian | 㾪 | |
| Ningde | 赤 | |
| Zhouning | 㾪 | |
| Fuding | 赤 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 精, 赤 |
| Quanzhou | 精 | |
| Yongchun | 精, 赤 | |
| Zhangzhou | 赤 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 精, 赤 | |
| Longyan | 精 | |
| Datian | 㾪 | |
| Chaozhou | 精 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 精 |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 瘦 |
| Shaxian | 瘦 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 瘦 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 精 |
| Suzhou | 精 | |
| Danyang | 精 | |
| Ningbo | 精 | |
| Wenzhou | 精 | |
| Jinhua | 精 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 瘦, 精 |
| Loudi | 精 | |
| Shuangfeng | 瘦, 精 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]
Compounds
Derived terms from 精
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Japanese
| Shinjitai | 精 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
精 精or 精+ ︀? |
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| 精󠄀 精+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 精󠄃 精+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: こころ (kokoro, 精); しらげる (shirageru, 精げる)←しらぐ (siragu, 精ぐ, historical); くわしい (kuwashii, 精しい)←くはし (kufasi, 精し, historical); もののけ (mononoke, 精)
- Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); きよ (kiyo); きよし (kiyoshi); くわし (kuwashi); しげ (shige); しら (shira); すぐる (suguru); すみ (sumi); ただ (tada); ただし (tadashi); つとむ (tsutomu); ひとし (hitoshi); まこと (makoto); まさ (masa); まさし (masashi); もり (mori); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 精 |
| せい Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.
Inflection
Inflection of 精
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 精だろ | せいだろ | sei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 精だ | せいだ | sei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 精な | せいな | sei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 精なら | せいなら | sei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 精であれ | せいであれ | sei de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 精ではない 精じゃない |
せいではない せいじゃない |
sei de wa nai sei ja nai |
| Informal past | 精だった | せいだった | sei datta |
| Informal negative past | 精ではなかった 精じゃなかった |
せいではなかった せいじゃなかった |
sei de wa nakatta sei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 精です | せいです | sei desu |
| Formal negative | 精ではありません 精じゃありません |
せいではありません せいじゃありません |
sei de wa arimasen sei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 精でした | せいでした | sei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 精ではありませんでした 精じゃありませんでした |
せいではありませんでした せいじゃありませんでした |
sei de wa arimasen deshita sei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Conditional | 精なら(ば) | せいなら(ば) | sei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 精だったら | せいだったら | sei dattara |
| Volitional | 精だろう | せいだろう | sei darō |
| Adverbial | 精に | せいに | sei ni |
| Degree | 精さ | せいさ | seisa |
Noun
精 • (sei)
- polishing, refining
- care, conscientiousness
- something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
- vim and vigor, energy in doing things
- life force, vitality, the energy of living
- one's emotions, mind, or soul
- the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
- semen
Synonyms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 精 |
| しらげ Grade: 5 |
| kun’yomi |
Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɕiɾa̠ɡe̞]
Synonyms
Korean
Hanja
精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
Derived terms
References
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
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