幵

See also: 开, 井, and 幷

幵	U+5E75, 幵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E75

← 年
[U+5E74]

CJK Unified Ideographs

并 →
[U+5E76]

Translingual

Han character

幵 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一十一十 (MJMJ), four-corner 1044₀, composition ⿰干干)

Derived characters

形

References

KangXi: page 340, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9169
Dae Jaweon: page 649, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 408, character 2
Unihan data for U+5E75

Chinese

simp. and trad.		幵
alternative forms		开

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 幵
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Hanjian (compiled in Song)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (幵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
笄	*kŋeː
枅	*kŋeː
蚈	kŋeː, ŋ̊ʰeːn
羿	*ŋeːs
栞	*ŋ̊ʰaːn
雃	ŋaːn, ŋ̊ʰeːn
詽	ŋreːn, tŋ̊ʰeːn
揅	*ŋeːn
幵	*kŋeːn
鳽	kŋeːn, ŋeːn, ŋ̊ʰreːŋ, ŋreːɡ
豣	kŋeːn, ŋeːns
麉	kŋeːn, ŋ̊ʰeːn
趼	kŋeːnʔ, ŋeːn, *ŋeːns
汧	ŋ̊ʰeːn, ŋ̊ʰeːns
岍	*ŋ̊ʰeːn
研	ŋɡeːn, ŋeːns
妍	*ŋeːn
訮	*hŋeːn
鈃	*ɡeːŋ

Ideogram (指事) : 干 + 干 – comparing two 干 side by side, even.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiān, qiān (jian¹, qian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ, ㄑㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹, hin¹
Min Nan (POJ): khian / kian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jian
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹
  - Yale: jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cian
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
  - Yale: chyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin¹, hin¹
  - Yale: gīn, hīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹, hin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin¹, hin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/, /hiːn⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khian / kian
  - Tâi-lô: khian / kian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiefn, kiefn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn³³/, /kiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ken/

Rime
Character	幵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古賢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/
Li Rong	/ken/
Wang Li	/kien/
Bernard Karlgren	/kien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤe[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kŋeːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān
Middle Chinese	‹ ken ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁe[r]/
English	even, level (Shuōwén)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幵
Reading #	1/1
No.	6161
Phonetic component	幵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	堅
Old Chinese	/*kŋeːn/

Definitions

幵

(obsolete) even, level
a surname

Japanese

Shinjitai	开
Kyūjitai	幵

Kanji

幵

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 开)

put together

Readings

On (unclassified): けん (ken)
Kun: たいらか (tairaka)

Korean

Hanja

幵 (eum 견 (gyeon))

even, level

Vietnamese

Han character

幵: Hán Nôm readings: kiên

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