弘

弘	U+5F18, 弘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F18

← 弗
[U+5F17]

CJK Unified Ideographs

弙 →
[U+5F19]

Translingual

Han character

弘 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈 (NI) or X弓戈 (XNI), four-corner 1223₀, composition ⿰弓厶)

References

KangXi: page 356, character 17

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9709

Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 990, character 15

Unihan data for U+5F18

Chinese

simp. and trad.		弘
alternative forms		𢎞𪪺𢎪𣧀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (弘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
弘	*ɡʷɯːŋ
鞃	*ɡʷɯːŋ
苰	*ɡʷɯːŋ
泓	*qʷrɯːŋ
宖	qʷrɯːŋ, ɡʷrɯːŋ
紭	*ɡʷrɯːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷɯːŋ) : phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ, “bow”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – the sound of a bow > a loud sound.

The 口 later corrupts into 厶 (the ancient form of 肱 (OC *kʷɯːŋ)), which Shuowen interprets to be the phonetic component of the character.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wang⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fèn
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hông

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
  - Wade–Giles: hung²
  - Yale: húng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
  - Palladius: хун (xun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wang⁴
  - Yale: wàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: weng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fenˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fen²
  - Sinological IPA: /fen¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 弘
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xuŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xoŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/xoŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/xoŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/xoŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦoŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦoŋ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦoŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/xan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xoŋ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/fen¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/huŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/wɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hɔŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/huŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hoŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hɔŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦwəŋ/

Rime
Character	弘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	登 (130)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡肱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwəŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuəŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣuəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng
Middle Chinese	‹ hwong ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁəŋ/
English	vast
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弘
Reading #	1/1
No.	5130
Phonetic component	弘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	弘
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷɯːŋ/

Definitions

弘

to spread; to enlarge; to expand
great; grand; magnificent; broad
See also: 宏
a surname

Compounds

函弘
取精用弘
含弘
弘一
弘化
弘大
弘宣
弘宥
弘忍
弘教
弘明
弘景
弘毅

弘法 (hóngfǎ)
弘深
弘烈
弘誓
弘通
弘道 (hóngdào)
弘量
恢弘
四弘誓願／四弘誓愿 (sìhóngshìyuàn)
寬弘／宽弘
廣弘明集／广弘明集
弘奧／弘奥
弘揚／弘扬 (hóngyáng)

弘文館／弘文馆
弘正文學／弘正文学
弘決／弘决
弘獎／弘奖
弘範／弘范
弘經／弘经
弘農／弘农 (Hóngnóng)
弘遠／弘远
弘願／弘愿
萇弘化碧／苌弘化碧
識量弘恢／识量弘恢
高談弘論／高谈弘论

References

“弘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

弘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

to spread
wide

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)

Kan-on: こう (kō)

Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 弘い); ひろまる (hiromaru, 弘まる); ひろめる (hiromeru, 弘める)

Compounds

弘誓(ぐぜい) (guzei)
弘法(ぐほう) (guhō, “mission”)
弘遠(こうえん) (kōen)
弘済会(こうさいかい) (kōsaikai, “an association of wide relief”)
弘大(こうだい) (kōdai, “wide”)
弘道(こうどう) (kōdō, “mission”)
弘布(こうふ) (kōfu, “ぐぶ”), 弘布(ぐぶ) (gubu, “spread”)
弘報(こうほう) (kōhō, “publicity”)

Proper noun

弘(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)

a male given name

弘(ひろむ) • (Hiromu)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

弘 (eumhun 클 홍 (keul hong))

Hanja form^? of 홍 (“big”).

Vietnamese

Han character

弘: Hán Nôm readings: hoằng, ngoằng

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