懃

See also: 勤

懃	U+61C3, 懃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C3

← 懂
[U+61C2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懄 →
[U+61C4]

Translingual

Han character

懃 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸心 (TSP), four-corner 4433₂, composition ⿱勤心)

References

KangXi: page 405, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11321
Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2358, character 1
Unihan data for U+61C3

Chinese

trad.		懃
simp.		勤^*
2nd round simp.		𰅉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	kʰrɯnʔ, kʰrɯns
堇	ɡrɯn, kɯnʔ
墐	ɡrɯn, ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	ɡrɯns, ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	ŋɡrɯn, ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	kɯnʔ, ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qín (qin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qín
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cín
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin²
  - Yale: chín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
  - Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kan⁴
  - Yale: kàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɡɨn/

Rime
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨斤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ɡĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ər/
English	toil, diligent, devoted
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
No.	6752
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勤
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

懃

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Compounds

慇慇懃懃／殷殷勤勤

慇懃／殷勤

懃懃／勤勤

Japanese

Kanji

懃

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: きん (kin)
Kan’yō-on: ぎん (gin)
Kun: ねんごろ (nengoro, 懃ろ)

Korean

Hanja

懃 (eum 근 (geun))

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Vietnamese

Han character

懃: Hán Nôm readings: cần

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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