僅

See also: 仅

僅	U+50C5, 僅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50C5

← 僄
[U+50C4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

僆 →
[U+50C6]

Translingual

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese, the official version of the character is written ⿰亻堇 (the component on the right, 堇 is not simplified to 𦰌). However, handwritten form of ⿰亻𦰌 is allowed.

Han character

僅 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人廿中一 (OTLM), four-corner 2421₄, composition ⿰亻堇)

References

KangXi: page 115, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1048
Dae Jaweon: page 246, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 208, character 2
Unihan data for U+50C5

Chinese

trad.		僅
simp.		仅^*
alternative forms		堇 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 僅

**Small seal script**
s05795

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L31353

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	kʰrɯnʔ, kʰrɯns
堇	ɡrɯn, kɯnʔ
墐	ɡrɯn, ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	ɡrɯns, ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	ŋɡrɯn, ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	kɯnʔ, ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯns) : semantic 人 + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gan², gan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiún
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kín / kīn

(Teochew, Peng'im): geng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chin³
  - Yale: jǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan², gan⁶
  - Yale: gán, gahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan², gan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen², gen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/, /kɐn²²/

Note: gan6 - rare variant.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiún
  - Hakka Romanization System: giun`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giun³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯un³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín / kīn
  - Tâi-lô: kín / kīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kien, kin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁵³/, /kin²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴/, /kin⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³/, /kin²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kin⁵³/, /kin³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹/, /kin³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: geng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪn^H/

Rime
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠遴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡien^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjin^H/
Li Rong	/ɡjĕn^H/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ gin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/
English	barely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6734
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僅
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯns/

Definitions

僅

only; merely
a surname

Compounds

不僅／不仅 (bùjǐn)
僅以身免／仅以身免
僅僅／仅仅 (jǐnjǐn)
僅只／仅只

僅可／仅可
僅夠／仅够
僅容旋馬／仅容旋马
僅有／仅有 (jǐnyǒu)

功僅補過／功仅补过
碩果僅存／硕果仅存 (shuòguǒjǐncún)
絕無僅有／绝无仅有 (juéwújǐnyǒu)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìn, jǐn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄐㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gan², gan⁶
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): geng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴
  - Yale: jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chin³
  - Yale: jǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan², gan⁶
  - Yale: gán, gahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan², gan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen², gen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/, /kɐn²²/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: geng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪn^H/

Rime
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠遴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡien^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjin^H/
Li Rong	/ɡjĕn^H/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ gin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/
English	barely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6734
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僅
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯns/

Definitions

僅

(literary) nearly; almost

References

“僅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

僅

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

merely, small quantity

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
Kun: わずか (wazuka, 僅か, Jōyō)

Compounds

僅差(きんさ) (kinsa): narrow margin, slim majority
僅少(きんしょう) (kinshō): scarce, insignificant
僅僅(きんきん) (kinkin)/ 僅々(きんきん) (kinkin): merely

Korean

Hanja

僅 (eumhun 겨우 근 (gyeou geun))

Hanja form^? of 근 (“only, merely, solely, just”).

Vietnamese

Han character

僅: Hán Nôm readings: cẩn, cận, cấn, cẫn

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