勤

See also: 懃
勤 U+52E4, 勤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E4
← 勣
[U+52E3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勥 →
[U+52E5]

勤 U+FA34, 勤
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA34
← 勉
[U+FA33] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 卑 →
[U+FA35]

勤 U+2F827, 勤
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F827
← 勉
[U+2F826] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 勺 →
[U+2F828]

Translingual

Han character

勤 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11 in Chinese, 力+10 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 44127, composition ⿰堇力)

Derived characters
  • 懄, 㢙, 懃
  • 𡀣, 𣝀, 𤯺, 𠪲, 𥵚, 𤐂
  • 𭏶, 𫦽, 𮜺

References

Chinese

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 勤
2nd round simp. 𰅉

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯn) : phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – to work hard, to be diligent.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • keng5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
  • kêng5 - Jieyang;
  • king5 - Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨斤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡɨn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡɨn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gɨn/
Li
Rong		 /ɡiən/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 kan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjɨn ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ər/
English toil, diligent, devoted

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
No. 6749
Phonetic
component		 堇
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 勤
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡɯn/

Definitions

勤

  1. industrious; diligent; attentive
    辛勤  ―  xīnqín  ―  hardworking
    勤於政事／勤于政事  ―  qínyú zhèngshì  ―  to be diligent in attending to government affairs
  2. (literary, or in compounds) laborious; hard; miserable; exhausting
  3. (literary, or in compounds) duties; service
    外勤  ―  wàiqín  ―  fieldwork
    執勤／执勤  ―  zhíqín  ―  to be on duty
  4. frequent (done or occurring often)
    勤洗手  ―  qín xǐshǒu  ―  wash hands frequently
  5. 80th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "laboring" (𝍕)
  6. a surname
Synonyms
  • (laborious):
Synonyms of 勤

Compounds

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 勤 – see 懃 (“courteous, cordial; zealous”).
(This character, 勤, is the simplified form of 懃.)
Notes:

Japanese
Shinjitai 勤
Kyūjitai
[1]
勤
&#xFA34;
or
勤+&#xFE00;?
勤󠄁
勤+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
勤󠄃
勤+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
勤

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. diligence

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Proper noun

勤(つとむ) • (Tsutomu) 

  1. a male given name

References
  1. “勤”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

Korean

Hanja

勤 (eumhun 부지런할 근 (bujireonhal geun))

  1. Hanja form? of 근 (“industrious, diligent, attentive”).

Vietnamese

Han character

勤: Hán Nôm readings: cần, cùn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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