我慢

Chinese
I; me slow
trad. (我慢) 我 慢
simp. #(我慢) 我 慢

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 我 慢
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 歌 (94) 刪 (69)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 五可切 謨晏切
Baxter ngaX maenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɑX/ /mˠanH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋɑX/ /mᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋɑX/ /mɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaX/ /maɨnH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋɑX/ /manH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋɑX/ /manH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋɑX/ /manH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ě màn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ngo5 maan6

Adjective

我慢

  1. (Buddhism) arrogant

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (我慢):
  • → Japanese: 我(が)慢(まん) (gaman, “arrogant”)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
我 慢
が
Grade: 6		 まん
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

我(が)慢(まん) • (gaman) 

  1. patience, endurance, tolerance
  2. (Buddhism) arrogant

Derived terms

Verb

我(が)慢(まん)する • (gaman suru) suru (stem 我(が)慢(まん)し (gaman shi), past 我(が)慢(まん)した (gaman shita))

  1. endure, be patient, deny oneself something, hang in there, display restraint
    Synonyms: たえる, こらえる
    ここは我(が)慢(まん)が肝心(かんじん)だ。
    Koko wa gaman ga kanjin da.
    This is the time to be patient.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "我慢する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 我慢し がまんし gaman shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 我慢し がまんし gaman shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 我慢する がまんする gaman suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 我慢する がまんする gaman suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 我慢すれ がまんすれ gaman sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 我慢せよ¹
我慢しろ²		 がまんせよ¹
がまんしろ²		 gaman seyo¹
gaman shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 我慢される がまんされる gaman sareru
Causative 我慢させる
我慢さす		 がまんさせる
がまんさす		 gaman saseru
gaman sasu
Potential 我慢できる がまんできる gaman dekiru
Volitional 我慢しよう がまんしよう gaman shiyō
Negative 我慢しない がまんしない gaman shinai
Negative continuative 我慢せず がまんせず gaman sezu
Formal 我慢します がまんします gaman shimasu
Perfective 我慢した がまんした gaman shita
Conjunctive 我慢して がまんして gaman shite
Hypothetical conditional 我慢すれば がまんすれば gaman sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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