慢

慢 U+6162, 慢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6162
← 慡
[U+6161] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 慣 →
[U+6163]

Translingual
Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character

慢 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心日田水 (PAWE), four-corner 96047, composition ⿰忄曼)

References
  • KangXi: page 399, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11110
  • Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6162

Chinese
trad. 慢
simp. # 慢
2nd round simp. 𭜌
alternative forms 僈

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獌 *mroːn, *moːns, *mons
鬘 *mroːn
謾 *mroːn, *mroːns, *mon, *moːn, *moːns
慢 *mroːns
嫚 *mroːns
縵 *mroːns, *moːns
曼 *moːn, *mons
饅 *moːn
蔓 *moːn, *mons
鰻 *moːn, *mons
墁 *moːn, *moːns
鏝 *moːn, *moːns
槾 *moːn
漫 *moːns
幔 *moːns
蟃 *mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a character trait or behavior (of the heart), sluggish. Note that 曼 also means “long, extended”, so connotations of “take a long time, leisurely, sluggish”.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • mâing - vernacular;
  • mâng - literary.
Note:
  • mang7 - "slow";
  • bhuang6/bhuêng6/muang6 - "cold, arrogant" (in 傲慢);
  • bhuang6 - Shantou, Chenghai;
  • bhuêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • muang6 - Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping.
Note:
  • man5 - vernacular;
  • man4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 慢
Mandarin Beijing /man⁵¹/
Harbin /man⁵³/
Tianjin /man⁵³/
Jinan /mã²¹/
Qingdao /mã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /man³¹²/
Xi'an /mã⁴⁴/
Xining /mã²¹³/
Yinchuan /man¹³/
Lanzhou /mɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /man²¹³/
Wuhan /man³⁵/
Chengdu /man¹³/
Guiyang /man²¹³/
Kunming /mã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /maŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /mæ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /mæ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /mɑŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /mæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /me²³/
Suzhou /me̞³¹/
Hangzhou /mẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ma²²/
Hui Shexian /mɛ²²/
Tunxi /muːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /man⁵⁵/
/man¹¹/
Xiangtan /man²¹/
Gan Nanchang /man²¹/
Hakka Meixian /man⁵³/
Taoyuan /mɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /man²²/
Nanning /man²²/
Hong Kong /man²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ban²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /maiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /maiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /maŋ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /maŋ²³/
Rime
Character 慢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 刪 (69)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 謨晏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠanH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /maɨnH/
Li
Rong		 /manH/
Wang
Li		 /manH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /manH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 màn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 maan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 慢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 màn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mænH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˁra[n]-s/
English disrespectful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 慢
Reading # 1/1
No. 8735
Phonetic
component		 曼
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 慢
Old
Chinese		 /*mroːns/

Definitions

慢

  1. slow; sluggish
    你能開慢一點嗎？／你能开慢一点吗？  ―  Nǐ néng kāi màn yīdiǎn ma?  ―  Can you drive slower?
    這錶慢了三分鐘。／这表慢了三分钟。  ―  Zhè biǎo màn le sān fēnzhōng.  ―  This watch is three minutes slow.
  2. rude; proud; disrespectful
    怠慢  ―  dàimàn  ―  to snub
    輕慢／轻慢  ―  qīngmàn  ―  arrogant
  3. (literary) slack; sluggish; remiss; idle
  4. (Teochew) late

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 慢 (“slow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 慢, 緩慢
Mandarin Beijing 慢
Taiwan 慢
Jinan 慢
Xi'an 慢
Wuhan 慢
Chengdu 慢
Yangzhou 慢
Hefei 慢
Malaysia 慢
Singapore 慢
Cantonese Guangzhou 慢, 嚤
Hong Kong 慢, 嚤
Yangjiang 慢
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 慢
Singapore (Guangfu) 慢
Gan Nanchang 慢
Hakka Meixian 慢
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 慢
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 慢
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 慢
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 慢
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 慢
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 慢
Kuching (Hepo) 慢
Jin Taiyuan 慢
Min Bei Jian'ou 慢
Min Dong Fuzhou 慢
Min Nan Xiamen 慢
Quanzhou 慢
Zhangzhou 慢
Taipei 慢
New Taipei (Sanxia) 慢
Kaohsiung 慢
Yilan 慢
Changhua (Lukang) 慢
Taichung 慢
Tainan 慢
Hsinchu 慢
Kinmen 慢
Penghu (Magong) 慢
Penang (Hokkien) 慢
Singapore (Hokkien) 慢
Manila (Hokkien) 慢
Chaozhou 慢
Shantou 慢
Singapore (Teochew) 慢
Wenchang 慢
Singapore (Hainanese) 慢
Wu Suzhou 慢
Ningbo 慢, 緩
Wenzhou 慢
Xiang Changsha 慢
Shuangfeng 慢
Dialectal synonyms of 晚 (“late (in time)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遲, 晚
Mandarin Beijing 晚
Taiwan 晚, 遲
Harbin 晚
Yantai (Muping) 晚
Jinan 晚
Luoyang 晚
Xi'an 晚, 遲
Wuhan 晏, 遲
Chengdu 晏, 晚
Guiyang 晏
Liuzhou 晏
Xuzhou 晚, 遲
Yangzhou 晚, 遲
Hefei 晚, 遲
Singapore 晚, 遲
Cantonese Guangzhou 晏, 遲
Hong Kong 晏, 遲
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 晏
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 晏, 遲
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 遲
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 遲
Macau 遲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 晏, 遲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 遲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 晏
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 晏, 遲
Foshan 晏, 遲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 晏
Foshan (Shunde) 遲
Foshan (Sanshui) 遲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 遲
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 遲
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 遲
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 遲
Zhuhai (Doumen) 晏, 遲
Jiangmen (Baisha) 遲
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 遲
Taishan 晏, 遲
Kaiping (Chikan) 晏, 遲
Enping (Niujiang) 晏, 遲
Heshan (Yayao) 遲水
Dongguan 晏, 遲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 晏
Yangjiang 晏, 遲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 遲
Singapore (Guangfu) 晏, 遲
Gan Nanchang 晏
Pingxiang 晏
Hakka Meixian 遲
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 晏
Dongguan (Qingxi) 遲
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 遲
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 晏
Heyuan (Bendihua) 遲, 晏
Wengyuan 晝
Liannan 遲
Conghua (Lütian) 晏
Jiexi 慢
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 慢
Changting 晏
Wuping 遲
Wuping (Yanqian) 夜
Ninghua 遲
Yudu 晏
Ningdu 遲
Tonggu (Sandu) 晏
Ganzhou (Panlong) 晏
Dayu 晏
Hong Kong 遲
Yangxi (Tangkou) 遲
Yangchun (Sanjia) 遲
Xinyi (Sihe) 遲
Xinyi (Qianpai) 遲
Gaozhou (Xindong) 遲
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 遲
Huazhou (Xin'an) 遲
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 遲
Lianjiang (Qingping) 遲
Mengshan (Xihe) 遲
Luchuan 遲
Senai (Huiyang) 遲
Huizhou Jixi 晏
Jin Taiyuan 遲, 晚
Min Bei Jian'ou 晏
Songxi 晏
Zhenghe 慢
Jianyang 晏
Wuyishan 晏
Min Dong Fuzhou 遲, 晏
Changle 遲
Lianjiang 遲, 晏
Fuqing 遲, 晏
Pingtan 晏
Yongtai 遲, 晏
Minqing 遲
Gutian 慢
Pingnan 慢
Luoyuan 晏
Fu'an 晏
Ningde 晏
Xiapu 晏
Zherong 晏
Shouning 晏
Zhouning 遲
Fuding 晏
Min Nan Xiamen 晏, 暗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 晏
Quanzhou 晏, 暗
Jinjiang 晏
Nan'an 晏
Shishi 晏
Hui'an 晏
Anxi 晏
Yongchun 晏
Dehua 晏
Zhangzhou 晏, 暗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 晏
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 晏
Hua'an 晏
Nanjing 晏
Pinghe 晏
Zhangpu 晏
Yunxiao 晏
Zhao'an 晏
Dongshan 晏
Taipei 晏 GT, 暗 GT
Kinmen 晏
Singapore (Hokkien) 暗, 晏
Manila (Hokkien) 晏, 暗
Longyan 遲
Zhangping 晏
Datian 晏
Chaozhou 晏, 慢
Shantou 晏, 慢
Jieyang 晏, 慢
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 晏
Singapore (Teochew) 晏
Leizhou 晏
Wenchang 晏
Haikou 晏
Singapore (Hainanese) 晏, 暗
Puxian Min Putian 晏
Xianyou 晏
Min Zhong Yong'an 慢
Sanyuan 慢
Shaxian 晏
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 遲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 晏
Wu Shanghai 遲
Suzhou 晏
Danyang 晚
Hangzhou 晏, 遲
Ningbo 晏
Wenzhou 遲
Xiang Changsha 晏, 遲
Loudi 晏
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Antonyms
  • (slow): 快 (kuài)

Compounds
Derived terms from 慢

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
慢

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. (おそい) slow
  2. (おこたる) negligent
  3. (あなどる、おごる) arrogant

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

慢 (eumhun 게으를 만 (geeureul man))

  1. Hanja form? of 만 (“slow, leisurely, sluggish”).

Vietnamese

Han character

慢: Hán Nôm readings: mạn, mắn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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