文書

See also: 文书

Chinese
 
language; culture; writing
language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle
 book; letter
trad. (文書) 文 書
simp. (文书) 文 书

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 文 書
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 文 (59) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 無分切 傷魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mɨun/ /ɕɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /miun/ /ɕiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /miuən/ /ɕiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mun/ /ɕɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /miuən/ /ɕiɔ/
Wang
Li		 /mĭuən/ /ɕĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯uən/ /ɕi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wén shū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 man4 syu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 文 書
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wén shū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjun › ‹ syo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mə[n]/ /*s-ta/
English ornate write

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 文 書
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13015 17013
Phonetic
component		 文 者
Rime
group		 文 魚
Rime
subdivision		 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 文 書
Old
Chinese		 /*mɯn/ /*hlja/

Noun

文書

  1. official document; official correspondence; official dispatch
    外交文書／外交文书  ―  wàijiāo wénshū  ―  diplomatic correspondence
  2. (literary) secretary
  3. (literary) written language; writing; script
  4. (literary) books; works

Synonyms
  • (official document): 公文 (gōngwén)

Derived terms

See also

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
文 書
ぶん
Grade: 1		 しょ
Grade: 2
kan’yōon on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 文書 (*miən *shiu). Compare modern Chinese 文書／文书 (wénshū).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Now the most common reading for this term.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ぶ​んしょ [búꜜǹshò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [bɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃ɕo̞]

Noun

文(ぶん)書(しょ) • (bunsho) 

  1. a document, a written record
    文書(ぶんしょ)でお問(と)い合(あ)わせください。
    Bunsho de otoiawase kudasai.
    Please contact us in writing.
    物語(ものがたり)を丸(まる)ごと文書(ぶんしょ)に書(か)き留(と)めた。
    Monogatari o marugoto bunsho ni kakitometa.
    She wrote down the whole story. / She got the whole story down on paper.
  2. a letter, an epistle
    文書(ぶんしょ)を頻繁(ひんぱん)に交(か)わしていた。
    Bunsho o hinpan ni kawashite ita.
    They frequently exchanged letters.
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
文 書
もん
Grade: 1		 しょ > じょ
Grade: 2
goon on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 文書 (*miən *shiu), with rendaku for the 書 character. The sho changes to jo as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Compare modern Chinese 文書／文书 (wénshū).

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Less common reading in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) も​んじょ [móꜜǹjò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [mõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞]

Noun

文(もん)書(じょ) • (monjo) 

  1. a document
  2. (in palaeography) a written text between two parties
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
文 書
もん
Grade: 1		 ぞ
Grade: 2
goon irregular

Archaic alteration of monjo above.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [mõ̞nd͡zo̞]

Noun

文(もん)書(ぞ) • (monzo) 

  1. (archaic) a document
  2. (archaic) (in palaeography) a written text between two parties

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
文 書
ふみ
Grade: 1		 か(き) > が(き)
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 文 (fumi, “writing; a letter, an epistle”) +‎ 書 (kaki, “writing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 書く kaku, “to write”).[2] The kaki changes to gaki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝmʲiɡa̠kʲi]

Noun

文(ふみ)書(がき) • (fumigaki) 

  1. (archaic) the act of writing of a letter or correspondence
  2. (archaic) the writing in a letter or correspondence, especially the style or appearance

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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