分
See also: 份
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Translingual
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Han character
分 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹 (CSH), four-corner 80227, composition ⿱八刀)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 136, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1853
- Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 321, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5206
Chinese
| trad. | 分 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 分 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 分 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (分) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 扮 | *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ |
| 盼 | *pʰrɯːns |
| 頒 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 朌 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 鳻 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 份 | *prɯn, *bɯns |
| 汃 | *pʰreːd, *prɯn |
| 玢 | *prɯn |
| 邠 | *prɯn |
| 攽 | *prɯn |
| 砏 | *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn |
| 貧 | *brɯn |
| 湓 | *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns |
| 盆 | *bɯːn |
| 葐 | *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn |
| 坌 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 坋 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 分 | *pɯn, *bɯns |
| 吩 | *pɯn |
| 粉 | *pɯnʔ |
| 黺 | *pɯnʔ |
| 芬 | *pʰɯn |
| 紛 | *pʰɯn |
| 衯 | *pʰɯn |
| 棻 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 氛 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 雰 | *pʰɯn |
| 忿 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ |
| 魵 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 汾 | *bɯn |
| 羒 | *bɯn |
| 枌 | *bɯn |
| 棼 | *bɯn |
| 妢 | *bɯn |
| 梤 | *bɯn |
| 馚 | *bɯn |
| 鼢 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 蚡 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 弅 | *bɯnʔ |
| 秎 | *bɯns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 八 (“to separate”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to separate with a knife.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
分
- to divide; to separate
- to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot
- to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart
- to break up; to end a relationship; to separate
- (Hakka, Teochew, Hainanese) to give
- (Hakka, Teochew) by
- 分人罵／分人骂 [Sixian Hakka] ― pûn ngìn ma [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― to be scolded (by people)
- minute (unit of time)
- minute (unit of angle, 1/60 of a degree)
- fraction; proportion
- 分之 (fēn zhī, “used to indicate a fraction”)
- (sports, games) point; mark
- (Shanghainese Wu, slang) ten of a currency designation (Classifier: 張／张)
- (Shanghainese Wu, by extension) money
- 還分／还分 [Shanghainese] ― [ɦɯe̞³³ fəɲ⁵³] [IPA] ― to return money
- one tenth
- deci- (SI unit prefix)
- (numismatics) 0.01 yuan (or dollar, etc.); cent
- one tenth of a 寸 (a unit of length)
- (Hong Kong) fan, legally defined as 0.00371475 metres
- (Mainland China) Short for 市分, equivalent to 0.33 cm
- one tenth of a 畝 (a unit of area)
- a candareen (a unit of weight), one tenth of a 錢／钱 (qián, “mace”), and equal to ten 釐 (lí, “cash”)
- (historical) an ancient small unit of time
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beg (ask for food or money as charity)
Synonyms
- (to divide):
- (to distribute):
- (to distribute):
Synonyms of 分
- (to break up): 分手 (fēnshǒu)
- (to give):
Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]
- (by):
Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]
- (to beg for food or money):
- (cent):
Dialectal synonyms of 分 (“fen; cent”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 分 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 分 |
| Taiwan | 分 | |
| Jinan | 分 | |
| Xi'an | 分 | |
| Wuhan | 分 | |
| Chengdu | 分 | |
| Yangzhou | 分 | |
| Hefei | 分 | |
| Malaysia | 仙 | |
| Singapore | 分 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 分 |
| Hong Kong | 仙, 仙士 dated | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 分 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 分 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 分 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 分 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 分 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 占, 分 |
| Quanzhou | 占 | |
| Zhangzhou | 占 | |
| Tainan | 仙 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 鐳, sen | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 占 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 仙 | |
| Chaozhou | 分 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 占 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 分 |
| Wenzhou | 分 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 分 |
| Shuangfeng | 分 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 分
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Descendants
- → Thai: หุน (hǔn, “a unit of length and weight”)
- → Zhuang: faen
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
分
Usage notes
Many of the senses are now written with the specialised character 份 (fèn).
Synonyms
- (ingredient): 成分 (chéngfèn)
Compounds
Derived terms from 分
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Further reading
- “Entry #593”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 分 |  |
| Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
分󠄁 分+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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| 分󠄃 分+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Readings
From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pɨun); compare Mandarin 分 (fēn):
From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bɨunH); compare Mandarin 分 (fèn):
From native Japanese roots:
Compounds
Compounds
- 分割 (bunkatsu)
- 分詞 (bunshi)
- 分数 (bunsū)
- 分析 (bunseki)
- 分布 (bunpu)
- 分別 (funbetsu)
- 分野 (bun'ya)
- 分離 (bunri)
- 分立 (bunritsu)
- 分類 (bunrui): classification
- 分類学 (bunruigaku): taxonomy
- 過分 (kabun)
- 区分 (kubun)
- 気分 (kibun)
- 十分 (jippun)
- 充分 (jūbun)
- 秋分 (shūbun)
- 春分 (shunbun)
- 成分 (seibun)
- 存分 (zonbun)
- 多分 (tabun)
- 半分 (hanbun)
- 不可分 (fukabun)
- 自分 (jibun)
- 養分 (yōbun)
- 区分 (kuwake)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 分 |
| ふん Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/pun/ → /fun/
From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pɨun, “a minute”).
Usage notes
When preceded by a number, the reading changes depending on the phonetic context.
| Japanese number-counter combinations for 分 (fun) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | What time? | ||
| 一分 (ippun) | 二分 (nifun) | 三分 (sanpun) 三分 (sanfun) |
四分 (yonpun) 四分 (yonfun) |
五分 (gofun) | 六分 (roppun) | 七分 (nanafun) 七分 (shichifun) |
八分 (happun) 八分 (hachifun) |
九分 (kyūfun) | 十分 (juppun) 十分 (jippun) |
何分 (nanpun) 何分 (nanfun) | ||
Noun
分 • (bun)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 分 |
| ぶ Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/bun/ → /bu/
Shift from bun above, with influence on the meaning from the Middle Chinese sense tied to original Middle Chinese reading /pɨun/.
References
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 282 (paper), page 191 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 208 (paper), page 116 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “分”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pɨun).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 분 (Yale: pwùn) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄂᆞᆫ홀〮 (Yale: nònhwól) | 분 (Yale: pwùn) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pun]
- Phonetic hangul: [분]
Compounds
Compounds
- 분석 (分析, bunseok)
- 분야 (分野, bunya)
- 분명 (分明, bunmyeong)
- 춘분 (春分, chunbun)
- 분양 (分讓, bunyang)
- 추분 (秋分, chubun)
- 분리 (分離, bulli)
- 분열 (分裂, bunyeol)
- 분배 (分配, bunbae)
- 구분 (區分, gubun)
- 분담 (分擔, bundam)
- 분류 (分類, bullyu)
- 분산 (分散, bunsan)
- 분비 (分泌, bunbi)
- 배분 (配分, baebun)
- 분별 (分別, bunbyeol)
- 분기 (分期, bun'gi)
- 기분 (氣分, gibun)
- 분간 (分揀, bun'gan)
- 분해 (分解, bunhae)
- 분열 (分列, bunyeol)
- 분포 (分布, bunpo)
- 분단 (分斷, bundan)
- 분할 (分割, bunhal)
- 분변 (分辨, bunbyeon)
- 차분 (差分, chabun)
- 분화 (分化, bunhwa)
- 분과 (分科, bun'gwa)
- 분업 (分業, buneop)
- 분자 (分子, bunja)
- 분만 (分娩, bunman)
- 분단 (分段, bundan)
- 다분 (多分, dabun)
- 십분 (十分, sipbun)
- 분권 (分權, bun'gwon)
- 분파 (分派, bunpa)
- 분초 (分秒, buncho)
- 적분 (積分, jeokbun)
- 등분 (等分, deungbun)
- 분신 (分身, bunsin)
- 분쟁 (分爭, bunjaeng)
- 분과 (分課, bun'gwa)
- 분교 (分校, bun'gyo)
- 각분 (各分, gakbun)
- 세분 (細分, sebun)
- 분합 (分合, bunhap)
- 양분 (兩分, yangbun)
- 분원 (分院, bunwon)
- 분침 (分針, bunchim)
- 일분 (一分, ilbun)
- 균분 (均分, gyunbun)
- 분구 (分區, bun'gu)
- 분대 (分隊, bundae)
- 분사 (分詞, bunsa)
- 매분 (每分, maebun)
- 분가 (分家, bun'ga)
- 분계 (分界, bun'gye)
- 분광 (分光, bun'gwang)
- 분등 (分等, bundeung)
- 분설 (分設, bunseol)
- 분속 (分速, bunsok)
- 분점 (分店, bunjeom)
- 분심 (分心, bunsim)
- 미분 (微分, mibun)
- 분수 (分數, bunsu)
- 분모 (分母, bunmo)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bɨunH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뿐〮 (Yale: ppwún) | |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804 | 분수 (bunsu) | 분 (bun) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [분(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
- 충분 (充分, chungbun)
- 부분 (部分, bubun)
- 처분 (處分, cheobun)
- 명분 (名分, myeongbun)
- 신분 (身分, sinbun)
- 덕분 (德分, deokbun)
- 성분 (成分, seongbun)
- 분량 (分量, bullyang)
- 수분 (水分, subun)
- 본분 (本分, bonbun)
- 양분 (養分, yangbun)
- 당분 (糖分, dangbun)
- 직분 (職分, jikbun)
- 응분 (應分, eungbun)
- 염분 (鹽分, yeombun)
- 정분 (情分, jeongbun)
- 여분 (餘分, yeobun)
- 철분 (鐵分, cheolbun)
- 친분 (親分, chinbun)
- 과분 (過分, gwabun)
- 선분 (線分, seonbun)
- 천분 (天分, cheonbun)
- 황분 (黃分, hwangbun)
- 복분 (福分, bokbun)
- 순분 (純分, sunbun)
- 분의 (分義, bunui)
- 분내 (分內, bunnae)
- 분외 (分外, bunoe)
- 성분 (性分, seongbun)
- 연분 (年分, yeonbun)
- 교분 (交分, gyobun)
- 면분 (面分, myeonbun)
- 명분 (命分, myeongbun)
- 분한 (分限, bunhan)
- 분수 (分數, bunsu)
Vietnamese
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