泛濫

See also: 泛滥, 汎濫, and 氾濫

Chinese

		float; general; vague	excessive; indiscriminate
trad. (泛濫/氾濫/汎濫)		泛/氾/汎	濫
simp. (泛滥/氾滥)		泛/氾	滥

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fànlàn

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ ㄌㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan³ laam⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fam-lam
Min Nan (POJ): hoàn-lām

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fànlàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ ㄌㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fànlàn
  - Wade–Giles: fan⁴-lan⁴
  - Yale: fàn-làn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fannlann
  - Palladius: фаньлань (fanʹlanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ län⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan³ laam⁶
  - Yale: faan laahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan³ laam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan³ lam⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn³³ laːm²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam-lam
  - Hakka Romanization System: fam lam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴ lam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵ lam⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoàn-lām
  - Tâi-lô: huàn-lām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoarnlam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ lam²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ lam²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huan¹¹⁻⁵³ lam³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²¹⁻⁴¹ lam³³/

Middle Chinese: /pʰɨɐm^H lɑm^H/

Rime
Character	泛	濫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	凡 (146)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	孚梵切	盧𣊟切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨɐm^H/	/lɑm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiɐm^H/	/lɑm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiɐm^H/	/lɑm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuam^H/	/lam^H/
Li Rong	/pʰiɐm^H/	/lɑm^H/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwɐm^H/	/lɑm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯wɐm^H/	/lɑm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fàn	làn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan³	laam⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰoms ɡ·raːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	泛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fàn
Middle Chinese	‹ phjom^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰ(r)[o]m-s/
English	to float
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泛	濫
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	2844	6094
Phonetic component	乏	監
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	汎
Old Chinese	/*pʰoms/	/*ɡ·raːms/

Verb

泛濫

to flood; to inundate; to overflow
(figurative, of something bad) to spread unchecked; to run rampant
(archaic) to float and sink in the water

Synonyms

(to spread unchecked): (literary) 濫觴／滥觞 (lànshāng)

Adjective

泛濫

(archaic) widespread; extensive; wide-ranging

Synonyms

共通 (gòngtōng)
普通 (pǔtōng)
普遍 (pǔbiàn)
流行 (liúxíng)

遍 (biàn) (literary, or in compounds)
廣／广 (guǎng)
廣泛／广泛 (guǎngfàn)

Derived terms

泛濫博文／泛滥博文
泛濫平原／泛滥平原

泛濫成災／泛滥成灾 (fànlànchéngzāi)
自由泛濫／自由泛滥

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (泛濫):

→ Japanese: 氾濫(はんらん) (hanran)
→ Korean: 범람(汎濫) (beomnam)

Others

→ Lingao: fam² lam²

Japanese

Kanji in this term
泛	濫
はん Hyōgaiji	らん Grade: S
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 泛濫 – see the following entry.

【氾濫はんらん】

[noun] for water levels to increase and overflow; a flood, flooding

[noun] for many undesirable things to appear; an overflow

[verb] to flood, to overflow

Alternative spellings
汎濫, 泛濫, はん濫

(This term, 泛濫, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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