監

See also: 监
監 U+76E3, 監
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76E3
← 盢
[U+76E2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盤 →
[U+76E4]
㈼ U+323C, ㈼
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SUPERVISE
← ㈻
[U+323B] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈽ →
[U+323D]

Translingual
Japanese 監
Simplified 监
Traditional 監

Alternative forms
  • 𰯲 (when used at the top of a character)

Note the difference in the upper right component between simplified Chinese, where it is ⿱𠂉丶 (resembles half of 𥫗), and traditional Chinese and Japanese, where it is ⿱𠂉一.

Han character

監 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+9 in Chinese, 皿+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸戈月廿 (SIBT) or 尸一月廿 (SMBT), four-corner 78107, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉丶皿)

Derived characters

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 796, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23032
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1210, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2566, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+76E3

Chinese
trad. 監
simp. 监
alternative forms 𧗄
譼／䛓
𧨭
𧩾

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 臥 + 血. Note the migration of the dot from 血 → 皿 to a third stroke of 人 → ⿱𠂉丶/⿱𠂉一.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • kaⁿ - vernacular;
  • kam/kàm - literary.
Note:
  • gam1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • gang1 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 監
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕien³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/
/t͡ɕiɑŋ³⁵/ ～督
Hohhot /t͡ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ke⁵³/
Suzhou /ke̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /ka³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³¹/
/kɛ³¹/
Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /kan⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kan⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kam⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kam⁵³/
Nanning /kam⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kam⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kam⁵⁵/
/kã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kaŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kam³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kam²³/ ～獄
/kam³⁵/ ～察
Rime
Character 監
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 谷銜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠam/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚam/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kam/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨm/
Li
Rong		 /kam/
Wang
Li		 /kam/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kam/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gaam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 監
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæm ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁram/
English inspect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 監
Reading # 1/2
No. 6103
Phonetic
component		 監
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːm/
Notes 鑑初文，象人俯視皿水察容（林義光陳獨秀說），非形聲字

Definitions

監

  1. to supervise; to oversee
  2. (historical) proctor; supervisor
  3. to control; to take charge; to direct
  4. (historical, of crown prince or senior statesman) to act for the monarch
  5. (historical) dukes or princes under an emperor
  6. † to imprison; to incarcerate
  7. prison; jail
  8. † to command; to lead
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房
Mandarin Beijing 監獄, 泡兒局 dated
Taiwan 監獄
Tianjin 監獄
Tangshan 監獄
Cangzhou 監獄, 班房兒
Baoding 監獄
Shijiazhuang 監獄
Chifeng 監獄
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 監獄, 笆籬子
Harbin 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子
Shenyang 牢, 班房, 笆籬子
Yantai (Muping) 監牢獄, 監獄
Qingdao 監牢獄
Jinan 監獄, 監牢獄, 監
Luoyang 監, 牢
Zhengzhou 監獄, 監, 牢
Xi'an 監獄, 監, 牢
Yinchuan 監獄, 牢, 班房
Lanzhou 監獄, 班房子, 班房
Xining 牢, 班房
Ürümqi 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子
Wuhan 監獄, 牢, 班房
Chengdu 牢, 班房
Guiyang 監獄, 班房
Kunming 監獄, 牢, 班房
Guilin 監獄, 牢
Liuzhou 監獄, 牢
Xuzhou 監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒
Yangzhou 牢監, 牢, 班房
Nanjing 牢
Hefei 監獄
Nantong 監牢, 牢
Singapore 監牢
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 班房子, 獄監
Cantonese Guangzhou 監倉
Hong Kong 監獄, 監倉, 祠堂
Gan Nanchang 牢監, 班房
Pingxiang 班房
Hakka Meixian 監房
Yudu 班房
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 監獄
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 監獄, 監獄仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 監獄
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 監獄
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 監獄
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 監獄
Huizhou Jixi 監牢
Shexian 監牢, 牢
Jin Taiyuan 牢, 班房
Xinzhou 監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房
Linhe 監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子
Jining 班房
Hohhot 監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房
Zhangjiakou 監獄, 牢
Handan 監獄, 房子
Min Bei Jian'ou 班房
Min Dong Fuzhou 監牢
Min Nan Xiamen 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated
Quanzhou 監獄, 監牢
Zhangzhou 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated
Taipei 內籬仔 GT
Tainan 監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間
Penang (Hokkien) 跤跔, 跤跔間
Singapore (Hokkien) 監牢, 釘鏈間
Manila (Hokkien) 跤跔, 監獄
Shantou 監獄
Singapore (Teochew) 釘鏈間, 監牢
Leizhou 監倉
Wu Shanghai 牢監
Shanghai (Chongming) 監牢
Danyang 監牢
Hangzhou 牢監
Ningbo 牢監, 監牢
Wenzhou 牢監, 班房
Jinhua 監牢
Xiang Loudi 班房, 籠子
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds
Derived terms from 監

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 監
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 格懺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠamH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚamH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kamH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨmH/
Li
Rong		 /kamH/
Wang
Li		 /kamH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kamH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gaam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 監
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæmH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁram-s/
English mirror

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 監
Reading # 2/2
No. 6106
Phonetic
component		 監
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 鑑
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːms/

Definitions

監

  1. † Alternative form of 鑒／鉴 (jiàn, “mirror”).
  2. † to reflect; to see; to view
  3. † to use for reference; to draw lessons from
  4. (historical) supervisor; overseer
  5. (historical) imperial office
  6. (historical) eunuch

Compounds
Derived terms from 監

References

Japanese

Kanji
監

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. oversee
  2. bureaucrat
  3. government agency or office
  4. manage
  5. control or own

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
監
かん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 監 (MC kˠam).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

監(かん) • (kan) 

  1. to supervise; to inspect; to watch
  2. jail; jailhouse

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

監 (eumhun 볼 감 (bol gam))

  1. Hanja form? of 감 (“supervision; overseeing”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

監: Hán Nôm readings: giam, giám, giớm, giợm, róm, giấm, lổm, ram, rướm, xám

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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