烝民

Chinese

		advance; many; steam	the people; nationality; citizen
simp. and trad. (烝民)		烝	民

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhēngmín

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥㄇㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ man⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhēngmín
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥㄇㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhengmín
  - Wade–Giles: chêng¹-min²
  - Yale: jēng-mín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jengmin
  - Palladius: чжэнминь (čžɛnminʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing¹ man⁴
  - Yale: jīng màhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ man⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ men⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨŋ|t͡ɕɨŋH miɪn/

Rime
Character	烝	烝	民
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	蒸 (133)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	煑仍切	諸應切	彌鄰切
Baxter	tsying	tsyingH	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨŋ/	/t͡ɕɨŋ^H/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨŋ/	/t͡ɕɨŋ^H/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕieŋ/	/t͡ɕieŋ^H/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciŋ/	/ciŋ^H/	/min/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəŋ/	/t͡ɕiəŋ^H/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəŋ/	/t͡ɕĭəŋ^H/	/mĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯əŋ^H/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng	zhèng	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing¹	zing³	man⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*təŋ mi[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kljɯŋ|kljɯŋs min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	烝	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēng	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ tsying ›	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*təŋ/	/*mi[ŋ]/
English	to rise (of steam); steam (v.t.)	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	烝	烝	民
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	1407	1412	9130
Phonetic component	丞	丞	民
Rime group	蒸	蒸	眞
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	蒸	證	民
Old Chinese	/*kljɯŋ/	/*kljɯŋs/	/*min/

Noun

烝民

(literary) the common people; the populace; the masses; the multitudes
- 天生烝民、有物有則。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天生烝民、有物有则。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Tiān shēng zhēngmín, yǒu wù yǒu zé. [Pinyin]
  Heaven, in giving birth to the multitudes of the people,
  To every faculty and relationship annexed its law.

Synonyms

Synonyms of 烝民

一般人 (yībānrén)
世人 (shìrén)
人士 (rénshì) (literary)
人民 (rénmín)
人群 (rénqún)
人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
俗人 (súrén)
俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
凡人 (fánrén)
凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
常人 (chángrén)
平人 (píngrén) (literary)
平常人 (píngchángrén)
平民 (píngmín)
庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
民人 (mínrén) (literary)

白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
百姓 (bǎixìng)
老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
良人 (liángrén) (literary)
草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
萌 (méng) (literary)
野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
黎民 (límín) (literary)
黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
𫣆人 (Hakka)
世間人／世间人 (Min Nan)
公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
四眾人／四众人 (Teochew)
大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.