犬戎

Chinese

		dog	weapon
simp. and trad. (犬戎)		犬	戎

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Quǎnróng

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˇ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun² jung⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Quǎnróng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˇ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Cyuǎnróng
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻüan³-jung²
  - Yale: Chywǎn-rúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Cheuanrong
  - Palladius: Цюаньжун (Cjuanʹžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hyun² jung⁴
  - Yale: hyún yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyn² jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hün² yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn³⁵ jʊŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /kʰwen^X ȵɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	犬	戎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	先 (86)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	苦泫切	如融切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwen^X/	/ȵɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷen^X/	/ȵiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɛn^X/	/ȵʑiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwɛn^X/	/ȵuwŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰuen^X/	/ȵiuŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰiwen^X/	/ȵʑĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiwen^X/	/ȵʑi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quǎn	róng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyun²	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ nuŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeːnʔ njuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犬	戎
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quǎn	róng
Middle Chinese	‹ khwen^X ›	‹ nyuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/	/*nuŋ/
English	dog	foreigners in the west
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犬	戎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10736	10849
Phonetic component	犬	戎
Rime group	元	終
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	犬	戎
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷeːnʔ/	/*njuŋ/

Proper noun

犬戎

(historical) the Quanrong (ethnic group active in the northwestern part of China during the Zhou dynasty)

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