礦

See also: 矿 and 砿

礦	U+7926, 礦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7926

← 礥
[U+7925]

CJK Unified Ideographs

礧 →
[U+7927]

Translingual

Traditional	礦
Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Simplified	矿

Han character

礦 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口戈廿金 (MRITC), four-corner 1068₆, composition ⿰石廣)

References

KangXi: page 838, character 16

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24564

Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 21

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 13

Unihan data for U+7926

Chinese

trad.		礦
simp.		矿
alternative forms		鑛／矿鉱磺丱卝鑛／矿鉱磺丱卝鋛𥐫𥒩𨥑𨥥𨧾𨨭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
僙	*kʷaːŋ
廣	*kʷaːŋʔ
鄺	kʷaːŋʔ, qʰʷaːŋ
懬	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰaːŋʔ
爌	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
曠	*kʰʷaːŋs
矌	*kʰʷaːŋs
壙	*kʰʷaːŋs
纊	*kʰʷaːŋs
黃	*ɡʷaːŋ
璜	*ɡʷaːŋ
潢	ɡʷaːŋ, ɡʷaːŋs
簧	*ɡʷaːŋ
癀	*ɡʷaːŋ
鱑	*ɡʷaːŋ
獚	*ɡʷaːŋ
蟥	*ɡʷaːŋ
趪	*ɡʷaːŋ
櫎	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
擴	ɡʷlaːŋs, kʰʷaːɡ
瀇	*qʷaːŋʔ
獷	kʷaŋʔ, kʷraːŋʔ
觵	*kʷraːŋ
礦	*kʷraːŋʔ
鑛	*kʷraːŋʔ
穬	*kʷraːŋʔ
橫	ɡʷraːŋ, ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ
黌	*ɡʷraːŋ
鐄	*ɡʷraːŋ
嚝	*qʰʷraːŋ
彉	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ
彍	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʷraːŋʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): kuàng, gǒng (kuang⁴, gong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ, ㄍㄨㄥˇ

(Chengdu, SP): kuang⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong³, gwong³, kong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khong

(Meixian, Guangdong): guang³
Min Dong (BUC): kuōng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khǹg / khòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): kuang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan standard)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuang⁴
  - Yale: kwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
  - Palladius: куан (kuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
  - Wade–Giles: kung³
  - Yale: gǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwong³, gwong³, kong³
  - Yale: kwong, gwong, kong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwong³, gwong³, kong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuong³, guong³, kong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʷɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/

Note: gwong3, kong3 - alternative pronunciations.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khong
  - Hakka Romanization System: kong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guang³
  - Sinological IPA: /kuaŋ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kuōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
  - Tâi-lô: khǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
  - Tâi-lô: khòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/

Note:

khǹg - vernacular;
khòng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kuang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠwæŋX/

Rime
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (110)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古猛切
Baxter	kwaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kuaŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨjŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kuɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kwɐŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwang²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5395
Phonetic component	黄
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	礦
Old Chinese	/*kʷraːŋʔ/
Notes	說文作磺

Definitions

礦

Compounds

Derived terms from 礦

人礦／人矿 (rénkuàng)
共生礦／共生矿
北海油礦／北海油矿
博淄煤礦／博淄煤矿
原生礦物／原生矿物
團礦／团矿
大冶鐵礦／大冶铁矿
大同煤礦／大同煤矿
富礦／富矿 (fùkuàng)
工礦檢查／工矿检查
工礦炸藥／工矿炸药
成礦作用／成矿作用
採礦／采矿 (cǎikuàng)
探礦／探矿 (tànkuàng)
斑光銅礦／斑光铜矿
斑銅礦／斑铜矿 (bāntóngkuàng)
方鉛礦／方铅矿
次生礦物／次生矿物
水錳礦／水锰矿
油礦／油矿
淄博煤礦／淄博煤矿
煤礦／煤矿 (méikuàng)
燃料礦物／燃料矿物
白鉛礦／白铅矿 (báiqiānkuàng)
白鎢礦／白钨矿 (báiwūkuàng)
砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床
砷黃鐵礦／砷黄铁矿
磁鐵礦／磁铁矿 (cítiěkuàng)
磁黃鐵礦／磁黄铁矿
磷礦／磷矿 (Línkuàng)
磷酸礦／磷酸矿
礦井／矿井 (kuàngjǐng)
礦化作用／矿化作用

礦區／矿区 (kuàngqū)
礦坑／矿坑 (kuàngkēng)
礦場／矿场 (kuàngchǎng)
礦塵／矿尘
礦層／矿层
礦山／矿山 (kuàngshān)
礦工／矿工 (kuànggōng)
礦床／矿床 (kuàngchuáng)
礦業／矿业 (kuàngyè)
礦業權／矿业权
礦業法／矿业法
礦油／矿油
礦泉／矿泉 (kuàngquán)
礦泉水／矿泉水 (kuàngquánshuǐ)
礦燈／矿灯
礦物／矿物 (kuàngwù)
礦物學／矿物学 (kuàngwùxué)
礦物油／矿物油
礦物纖維／矿物纤维
礦物質／矿物质 (kuàngwùzhì)
礦產／矿产 (kuàngchǎn)
礦石／矿石 (kuàngshí)
礦砂／矿砂
礦綿／矿绵
礦脂／矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
礦脈／矿脉
礦苗／矿苗
礦藏／矿藏 (kuàngcáng)
礦體／矿体
礦鹽／矿盐
聚礦作用／聚矿作用
脈石礦物／脉石矿物
菱鋅礦／菱锌矿

菱鎂礦／菱镁矿
菱鐵礦／菱铁矿
萍鄉煤礦／萍乡煤矿
褐錳礦／褐锰矿
褐鐵礦／褐铁矿
貧礦／贫矿
赤鉛礦／赤铅矿
赤銅礦／赤铜矿
赤鐵礦／赤铁矿 (chìtiěkuàng)
軟錳礦／软锰矿
輝銀礦／辉银矿
輝銅礦／辉铜矿
輝銻礦／辉锑矿
選礦／选矿
酸礦／酸矿
金礦／金矿 (jīnkuàng)
鈾礦／铀矿 (yóukuàng)
鉛礦／铅矿 (qiānkuàng)
銀礦／银矿 (yínkuàng)
銅礦／铜矿 (tóngkuàng)
鋁土礦／铝土矿 (lǚtǔkuàng)
鋅鐵礦／锌铁矿
錫礦／锡矿 (xīkuàng)
錫礦山／锡矿山
鎢錳鐵礦／钨锰铁矿
鏡鐵礦／镜铁矿
鐵礦／铁矿 (tiěkuàng)
開灤煤礦／开滦煤矿
開礦／开矿 (kāikuàng)
露天礦／露天矿
黃鐵礦／黄铁矿 (huángtiěkuàng)
黝銅礦／黝铜矿

Descendants

→ Bouyei: kuangq
→ Zhuang: gvangq

References

“礦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02873

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Kyūjitai	礦

Kanji

礦

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砿)

Alternative form of 鉱: mineral

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}^{←くゐやう (kwyau, ancient)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kun: あらがね (aragane, 礦)

Compounds

礦(こう)業(ぎょう) (kōgyō, “mining”)
礦(こう)石(せき) (kōseki, “ore”)
炭(たん)礦(こう) (tankō, “coal mine”)

Korean

Hanja

礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang)

mineral, ore

Vietnamese

Han character

礦: Hán Nôm readings: khoáng, quáng, khoắng

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