竟然

Chinese

		unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (竟然)		竟	然
simp. ^#(竟然)		竟	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìngrán

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging² jin⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng-liân / kèng-jiân / kéng-jiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng² riang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìngrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìngrán
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴-jan²
  - Yale: jìng-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqran
  - Palladius: цзинжань (czinžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging² jin⁴
  - Yale: gíng yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging² jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging² yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵ jiːn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-liân
  - Tâi-lô: kìng-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keanglieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: kìng-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keangjieen
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ʑiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ʑiɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: kíng-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefngjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ʑiɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng² riang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéng jiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Adverb

竟然

unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly
他竟然說出這樣的話來傷母親的心。 [MSC, trad.]
他竟然说出这样的话来伤母亲的心。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā jìngrán shuōchū zhèyàng de huà lái shāng mǔqīn de xīn. [Pinyin]
I can't believe he should say such things to hurt his mother.

沒想到短短一個月，他的廚藝竟然已進步到這個境界！ [MSC, trad.]
没想到短短一个月，他的厨艺竟然已进步到这个境界！ [MSC, simp.]
Méi xiǎngdào duǎnduǎn yīge yuè, tā de chúyì jìngrán yǐ jìnbù dào zhège jìngjiè! [Pinyin]
Who would have thought that in a short little month, his cooking would have improved to this extent!
(archaic) finally

Synonyms

(unexpectedly):

先勿先 (Wu)
出乎意料地 (chūhūyìliào de)
居然 (jūrán)

硬敢 (Liuzhou)
竟 (jìng)

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