糧

See also: 粮

糧	U+7CE7, 糧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CE7

← 糦
[U+7CE6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

糨 →
[U+7CE8]

糧	U+F97B, 糧 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97B

← 梁
[U+F97A]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

良 →
[U+F97C]

Translingual

Han character

糧 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 火木日一土 (FDAMG), four-corner 9691₄, composition ⿰米量)

References

KangXi: page 913, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27132
Dae Jaweon: page 1340, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3160, character 12
Unihan data for U+7CE7
Unihan data for U+F97B

Chinese

trad.		糧
simp.		粮
alternative forms		粮𥣷 ⿰米卜

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
糧	*raŋ
量	raŋ, raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raŋ) : semantic 米 + phonetic 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): liáng (liang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лён (li͡on, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liòng
Jin (Wiktionary): lion¹
Min Dong (BUC): liòng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): nion⁵ / niên⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³lian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
  - Wade–Giles: liang²
  - Yale: lyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
  - Palladius: лян (ljan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɑŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лён (li͡on, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: loeng⁴
  - Yale: lèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: liongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liong²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lion¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /liɒ̃¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
  - Tâi-lô: niû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /niũ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
  - Tâi-lô: niôo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
  - Tâi-lô: liông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
  - Tâi-lô: liâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/

Note:

niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
liông/liâng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nion⁵ / niên⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niôⁿ / niêⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /nĩẽ⁵⁵/

Note:

nion5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang;
niên5 - Chaozhou, Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³lian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liã²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	糧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ/
English	grain, provisions
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糧
Reading #	1/1
No.	8063
Phonetic component	量
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
Notes	同糧

Definitions

糧

grain; provisions; food
(Cantonese) salary (Classifier: 份 c)
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 糧

乾糧／干粮 (gānliáng)
兵精糧足／兵精粮足
出糧／出粮
化瓦糧／化瓦粮
口糧／口粮 (kǒuliáng)
吃糧／吃粮
囚糧／囚粮
地丁錢糧／地丁钱粮
嬴糧／嬴粮
完糧／完粮
官糧／官粮
寅吃卯糧／寅吃卯粮
寅支卯糧／寅支卯粮
射糧／射粮
屯糧／屯粮 (túnliáng)
屯糧積草／屯粮积草
悶數錢糧／闷数钱粮
應卯吃糧／应卯吃粮
戰糧／战粮
戶有餘糧／户有余粮
打糧／打粮 (dǎliáng)
打衣糧／打衣粮
抗糧／抗粮
拉名糧長／拉名粮长
斷糧／断粮 (duànliáng)
漕糧／漕粮 (cáoliáng)
白糧／白粮

祿糧／禄粮
禹餘糧／禹余粮
稅糧／税粮
積草屯糧／积草屯粮
米糧／米粮 (mǐliáng)
粗糧／粗粮 (cūliáng)
糙糧／糙粮 (cāoliáng)
糧不繼日／粮不继日
糧作／粮作
糧倉／粮仓 (liángcāng)
糧單／粮单
糧多草廣／粮多草广
糧寡兵微／粮寡兵微
糧戶／粮户
糧棧／粮栈
糧盡援絕／粮尽援绝
糧秣／粮秣 (liángmò)
糧稅／粮税
糧站／粮站
糧船／粮船
糧草／粮草 (liángcǎo)
糧行／粮行
糧豐／粮丰 (Liángfēng)
糧車／粮车
糧道／粮道 (Liángdào)
糧長／粮长
糧食／粮食 (liángshí)

糧食作物／粮食作物
糧食局／粮食局
糧餉／粮饷 (liángxiǎng)
細糧／细粮 (xìliáng)
絕糧／绝粮
缺糧／缺粮 (quēliáng)
芻糧／刍粮
行糧／行粮
裹糧／裹粮
裹糧策馬／裹粮策马
見糧／见粮
贏糧／赢粮
軍糧／军粮 (jūnliáng)
輸糧／输粮
轉糧／转粮
道糧／道粮
錢糧／钱粮 (qiánliáng)
雜糧／杂粮 (záliáng)
飛糧輓秣／飞粮挽秣
飛芻輓糧／飞刍挽粮
食糧／食粮 (shíliáng)
餘糧／余粮 (yúliáng)
饋糧／馈粮
饋貧糧／馈贫粮
黃糧／黄粮 (Huángliáng)
齎盜糧／赍盗粮

References

“糧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #12576”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

糧

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

food, provisions

Readings

Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō ^†)
Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)
Kun: かて (kate, 糧, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
糧
かて Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 糧 – see the following entry.

【かて】	[noun] food [noun] (figurative) guiding material for future endeavors

(This term, 糧, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

糧 (eumhun 양식 량 (yangsik ryang), South Korea 양식 양 (yangsik yang))

Hanja form^? of 량/양 (“food, grain, provisions”).

Vietnamese

Han character

糧: Hán Nôm readings: lương

salary

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