罪

See also: 辠
罪 U+7F6A, 罪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F6A
← 罩
[U+7F69] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 罫 →
[U+7F6B]

Translingual

Han character

罪 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田中中一卜 (WLLMY), four-corner 60111, composition ⿱罒非)

References
  • KangXi: page 948, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28293
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1389, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2920, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7F6A

Chinese
trad. 罪
simp. # 罪
alternative forms 辠

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (罪) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
罪 *zuːlʔ
辠 *zuːlʔ
𢶀 *zruːl

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 罒 (“net”) + 非 (“mistake”).

Etymology

Unclear. Possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin and cognate with Mizo sual (“(adj.) bad, evil, vile, corrupt; (v. tr.) (to attempt) to criminally assault, to rape (a woman)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare with Burmese ဆိုး (hcui:, “bad, wicked, evil”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chǒe/chōe - literary;
  • chěr/chē - vernacular.
Note:
  • zei4 - literary;
  • zei5 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 罪
Mandarin Beijing /t͡suei⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡suei⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡suei⁵³/
Jinan /t͡suei²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sue⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡suei³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡suei⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡suɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡suei¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡suei¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡suei²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sei³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡suei¹³/
Guiyang /t͡suei²¹³/
Kunming /t͡suei²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡suəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡se⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suei⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡suæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡suei⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ze²³/
Suzhou /ze̞³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷei¹³/
Wenzhou /zai³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sei⁵⁵/
/t͡sei¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡zəi²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰui²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰui⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰui⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡søy²²/
Nanning /t͡sui²²/
Hong Kong /t͡søy²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sue²²/
/t͡se²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɔy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡so⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sue³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tui³³/
Rime
Character 罪
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徂賄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zuʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zuoiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zuɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zwəjX/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zuᴀiX/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zuɒiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zuì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zeoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 罪
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zuì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzwojX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]ˁujʔ/
English crime, offense

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 罪
Reading # 1/1
No. 17981
Phonetic
component		 罪
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 辠
Old
Chinese		 /*zuːlʔ/
Notes 同辠

Definitions

罪

  1. crime; vice
  2. (theology) sin
  3. hardship; suffering
  4. fault

Compounds
Derived terms from 罪

References

Japanese

Kanji
罪

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
罪
つみ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

罪(つみ) • (tsumi) 

  1. guilt
  2. sin
  3. offence

Adjective

罪(つみ) • (tsumi) -na (adnominal 罪(つみ)な (tsumi na), adverbial 罪(つみ)に (tsumi ni))

  1. sinful
Inflection
Inflection of 罪
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 罪だろ つみだろ tsumi daro
Continuative (連用形) 罪で つみで tsumi de
Terminal (終止形) 罪だ つみだ tsumi da
Attributive (連体形) 罪な つみな tsumi na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 罪なら つみなら tsumi nara
Imperative (命令形) 罪であれ つみであれ tsumi de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 罪ではない
罪じゃない		 つみではない
つみじゃない		 tsumi de wa nai
tsumi ja nai
Informal past 罪だった つみだった tsumi datta
Informal negative past 罪ではなかった
罪じゃなかった		 つみではなかった
つみじゃなかった		 tsumi de wa nakatta
tsumi ja nakatta
Formal 罪です つみです tsumi desu
Formal negative 罪ではありません
罪じゃありません		 つみではありません
つみじゃありません		 tsumi de wa arimasen
tsumi ja arimasen
Formal past 罪でした つみでした tsumi deshita
Formal negative past 罪ではありませんでした
罪じゃありませんでした		 つみではありませんでした
つみじゃありませんでした		 tsumi de wa arimasen deshita
tsumi ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 罪で つみで tsumi de
Conditional 罪なら（ば） つみなら（ば） tsumi nara (ba)
Provisional 罪だったら つみだったら tsumi dattara
Volitional 罪だろう つみだろう tsumi darō
Adverbial 罪に つみに tsumi ni
Degree 罪さ つみさ tsumisa

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
罪
ざい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [d͡za̠i]

Suffix

罪(ざい) • (-zai) 

  1. (law) Used after the name of an action, to form the name of a criminal charge
    殺(さつ)人(じん)罪(ざい) (satsujin-zai, “murder (as a crime)”)
    堕(だ)胎(たい)罪(ざい) (datai-zai, “unlawful abortion”)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

罪 (eumhun 허물 죄 (heomul joe))

  1. Hanja form? of 죄 (“sin; crime; fault”).

Vietnamese

Han character

罪: Hán Nôm readings: tội, tụi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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