階級

See also: 阶级

Chinese

		rank or step; stairs	level; grade; rank level; grade; rank; step
trad. (階級)		階	級
simp. (阶级)		阶	级

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiējí

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai¹ kap¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiê-kip
Min Nan (POJ): kai-khip / kai-kip

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiējí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiejí
  - Wade–Giles: chieh¹-chi²
  - Yale: jyē-jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiejyi
  - Palladius: цзецзи (czeczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaai¹ kap¹
  - Yale: gāai kāp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaai¹ kap⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gai¹ keb¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiê-kip
  - Hakka Romanization System: gie´ gib`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gie¹ gib⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯e²⁴ kip̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai-khip
  - Tâi-lô: kai-khip
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kai'qib
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³ kʰip̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai-kip
  - Tâi-lô: kai-kip
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kai'kib
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kai⁴⁴⁻³³ kip̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /kˠɛi kˠiɪp̚/

Rime
Character	階	級
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	侵 (142)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古諧切	居立切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi/	/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi/	/kᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi/	/kiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj/	/kjip̚/
Li Rong	/kɛi/	/kjəp̚/
Wang Li	/kɐi/	/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăi/	/ki̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai¹	gap¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrij k(r)əp/

(Zhengzhang): /*kriːl krɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	階	級
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiē	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj ›	‹ kip ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrij/	/*k(r)əp/
English	steps, stairs	degree, grade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	階	級
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6417	5659
Phonetic component	皆	及
Rime group	脂	緝
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	皆	急
Old Chinese	/*kriːl/	/*krɯb/

Noun

階級

class (social division based on socio-economic status)
階級矛盾／阶级矛盾 ― jiējí máodùn ― class conflict

剝削階級／剥削阶级 ― bōxuē jiējí ― exploiting class

階級統治／阶级统治 ― jiējí tǒngzhì ― class rule

全世界被壓迫階級 [MSC, trad.]
全世界被压迫阶级 [MSC, simp.]
quánshìjiè bèi yāpò jiējí [Pinyin]
the oppressed classes of the world
(literary) step (on a flight of stairs)
(literary) rank of an official

Synonyms

(class): 階層／阶层 (jiēcéng)

Derived terms

中產階級／中产阶级 (zhōngchǎn jiējí)
勞動階級／劳动阶级 (láodòng jiējí)
工人階級／工人阶级 (gōngrén jiējí)
有產階級／有产阶级 (yǒuchǎn jiējí)
無產階級／无产阶级 (wúchǎn jiējí)
無產階級專政／无产阶级专政 (wúchǎn jiējí zhuānzhèng)
社會階級／社会阶级 (shèhuì jiējí)
統治階級／统治阶级 (tǒngzhì jiējí)

自在階級／自在阶级 (zìzài jiējí)
自為階級／自为阶级 (zìwèi jiējí)
資本階級／资本阶级 (zīběn jiējí)
資產階級／资产阶级 (zīchǎn jiējí)
農民階級／农民阶级 (nóngmín jiējí)
階級性／阶级性 (jiējíxìng)
階級鬥爭／阶级斗争 (jiējí dòuzhēng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
階	級
かい Grade: 3	きゅう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) かいきゅう [kàíkyúú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ka̠ikʲɨᵝː]

Noun

階(かい)級(きゅう) • (kaikyū) ^{←かいきふ (kaikifu)^?}

social standing, (social) status, (social) class

Korean

Hanja in this term
階	級

Noun

階級 or 階級 or 階級 • (gyegeup or McCune-Reischauer: kyegŭp or Yale: kyeykup) (hangeul 계급)

Hanja form^? of 계급 (“class”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
階	級

Noun

階級

chữ Hán form of giai cấp (“class”).

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