統治

See also: 统治

Chinese
 
to gather; to unite; to unify
to gather; to unite; to unify; whole
 
to rule; to govern; to manage
to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); cure; treatment; to heal
trad. (統治) 統 治
simp. (统治) 统 治

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 統 治 治 治
Reading # 1/1 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 澄 (11) 澄 (11) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 冬 (5) 之 (19) 脂 (17) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) I III III III
Fanqie 他綜切 直之切 直利切 直吏切
Baxter thowngH dri drijH driH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuoŋH/ /ɖɨ/ /ɖˠiɪH/ /ɖɨH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰuoŋH/ /ɖɨ/ /ɖᵚiH/ /ɖɨH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰoŋH/ /ȡie/ /ȡiɪH/ /ȡieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰawŋH/ /ɖɨ/ /ɖjiH/ /ɖɨH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰoŋH/ /ȡiə/ /ȡjiH/ /ȡiəH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuoŋH/ /ȡĭə/ /ȡiH/ /ȡĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuoŋH/ /ȡʱi/ /ȡʱiH/ /ȡʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tòng chí zhì zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tung3 ci4 zi6 zi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 治 治
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chí zhì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dri › ‹ driH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.lrə/ /*lrə-s/
English regulate, arrange regulate, arrange

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 統 治 治 治
Reading # 1/1 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 1490 12288 12289 12302
Phonetic
component		 充 台 台 台
Rime
group		 終 之 之 脂
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 0 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 統 治 值 緻
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰuːŋs/ /*l'ɯ/ /*l'ɯs/ /*l'is/

Verb

統治

  1. to govern; to rule; to preside over
    統治集團／统治集团  ―  tǒngzhì jítuán  ―  ruling circle
    階級統治／阶级统治  ―  jiējí tǒngzhì  ―  class rule
  2. to control; to dominate

Synonyms
  • (to govern): 管理 (guǎnlǐ); (literary, or in compounds) 理 (lǐ); (Classical Chinese) 亂／乱 (luàn), 治理 (zhìlǐ); (Min Dong) 理治 (lǐzhì)
  • (to control):
Synonyms of 統治

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (統治):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
統 治
とう
Grade: 5		 ち
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

    Noun

    統(とう)治(ち) • (tōchi) 

    1. rule, governance

    Verb

    統(とう)治(ち)する • (tōchi suru) transitive suru (stem 統(とう)治(ち)し (tōchi shi), past 統(とう)治(ち)した (tōchi shita))

    1. to rule, to govern

    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "統治する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 統治し とうちし tōchi shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 統治し とうちし tōchi shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 統治する とうちする tōchi suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 統治する とうちする tōchi suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 統治すれ とうちすれ tōchi sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 統治せよ¹
    統治しろ²    		 とうちせよ¹
    とうちしろ²    		 tōchi seyo¹
    tōchi shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 統治される とうちされる tōchi sareru
    Causative 統治させる
    統治さす    		 とうちさせる
    とうちさす    		 tōchi saseru
    tōchi sasu
    Potential 統治できる とうちできる tōchi dekiru
    Volitional 統治しよう とうちしよう tōchi shiyō
    Negative 統治しない とうちしない tōchi shinai
    Negative continuative 統治せず とうちせず tōchi sezu
    Formal 統治します とうちします tōchi shimasu
    Perfective 統治した とうちした tōchi shita
    Conjunctive 統治して とうちして tōchi shite
    Hypothetical conditional 統治すれば とうちすれば tōchi sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    References
    1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean
    Hanja in this term
    統治

    Noun

    統治 • (tongchi) (hangeul 통치)

    1. Hanja form? of 통치 (“rule”).

    Vietnamese
    Hán tự in this term
    統治

    Verb

    統治

    1. chữ Hán form of thống trị (“to rule; to govern; to dominate”).
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