靴

靴 U+9774, 靴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9774
← 靳
[U+9773] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 靵 →
[U+9775]

Translingual

Han character

靴 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿十人心 (TJOP), four-corner 44510, composition ⿰革化)

Derived characters
  • 㗾, 𢶤, 𬩑, 𫫸, 𬆌

References
  • KangXi: page 1385, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42729
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1900, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4327, character 21
  • Unihan data for U+9774

Chinese
trad. 靴
simp. # 靴
2nd round simp. 𰆳
alternative forms
 
鞾／靴
𩎁
韡／𮧵
𩍇
𡲲
鞾／靴
𩎁
韡／𮧵
𩍇
𡲲
㞜
𩋖
𩋾
𩍍

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hʷa) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hia - vernacular;
  • hio - literary.
Note:
  • xya1 - vernacular;
  • xye1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 靴
Mandarin Beijing /ɕyɛ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕye²¹/
Jinan /ɕyə²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕyə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɕyɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕyɛ²¹/
Xining /ɕyu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕye⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕyə³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕyɤ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕye⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕye⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕie⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ɕye³¹/
Hefei /sz̩ʷ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕye¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕye̞¹³/
Hohhot /ɕye³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕyø⁵³/
Suzhou /ɕio⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷ³³/
Wenzhou /ɕy³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕya³¹/
Tunxi /ɕyɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕye³³/
/ɕya³³/
Xiangtan /ɕyɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕye⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /hio⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /hio²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hœ⁵³/
Nanning /hœ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hœ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hia⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰuo⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiɔ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hia³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xue²³/
Rime
Character 靴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 戈 (97)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許𦚢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷiɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hua/
Li
Rong		 /xiuɑ/
Wang
Li		 /xĭuɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯wɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xuē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hoe1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 靴
Reading # 1/1
No. 5324
Phonetic
component		 化
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 鞾
Old
Chinese		 /*hʷa/
Notes 同鞾

Definitions

靴

  1. boot (footwear)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 靴子 (“boot”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 靴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 靴子
Mandarin Beijing 靴子
Taiwan 靴子
Jinan 靴子
Luoyang 靴仔
Wanrong 靴子
Xi'an 靴子
Yinchuan 靴子
Lanzhou 靴子
Xining 靴子
Wuhan 靴子
Chengdu 靴子
Guilin 靴子
Yangzhou 靴子
Hefei 深筒鞋, 深筒靴
Singapore 靴子
Cantonese Guangzhou 靴
Hong Kong 靴
Dongguan 靴
Yangjiang 靴
Gan Nanchang 靴子
Lichuan 靴仔
Hakka Meixian 靴仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 靴仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 靴仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 靴仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 靴
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 靴仔
Huizhou Jixi 靴
Jin Taiyuan 靴子
Xinzhou 靴兒子
Min Bei Jian'ou 靴
Min Dong Fuzhou 靴
Min Nan Xiamen 靴
Tainan 靴
Chaozhou 靴
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 靴
Wu Shanghai 靴
Suzhou 靴
Danyang 靴
Wenzhou 靴
Xiang Changsha 靴子
Shuangfeng 靴子

Compounds
Derived terms from 靴

Japanese

Kanji
靴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
靴
くつ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
沓 (uncommon)
履 (uncommon)
鞋 (uncommon)
鞾 (uncommon)


⟨kutu⟩: */kutu/ → /kut͡su/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed circa 759.[1]

Ultimate derivation unclear. Some Japanese sources suggest a borrowing from or cognate with Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes”),(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) but then some Korean sources suggest that the Korean term was borrowed from Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “shoes”).

Pronunciation

Noun

靴(くつ) • (kutsu) 

  1. footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3399), text here:
      信濃道者 伊麻能波里美知 可里婆祢尓 安思布麻之<奈牟> 久都波氣和我世
      信(しな)濃(ぬ)道(ぢ)は　今(いま)の墾(は)り道(みち)　刈(か)りばねに　足(あし)踏(ふ)ましなむ　沓(くつ)はけ我(わ)が背(せ)
      shinanuji wa ima no harimichi karibane ni ashi fumashinamu kutsu hake wagase
      the Shinano road has just been opened; wear shoes, my brother / my dear, so you do not step on the brush stubble [in your bare feet]

Synonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

靴 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

  1. (가죽 신 화, gajuk-sin-): footwear made of leather

Compounds

Okinawan

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ふや.[1]

Noun

靴 (hiragana ふや, romaji fuya)

  1. shoe

References
  1. 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/33

Vietnamese

Han character

靴: Hán Nôm readings: ngoa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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