吪

吪	U+542A, 吪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-542A

← 吩
[U+5429]

CJK Unified Ideographs

含 →
[U+542B]

Translingual

Han character

吪 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人心 (ROP), four-corner 6101₀, composition ⿰口化)

References

KangXi: page 178, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3348
Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 590, character 5
Unihan data for U+542A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	lu, ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls).

Etymology 1

trad.		吪
simp. ^#		吪
alternative forms		訛／讹譌／𰵑𨅌僞／伪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): é (e²)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: é
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: é
  - Wade–Giles: o²
  - Yale: é
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴
  - Yale: ngòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ŋuɑ/

Rime
Character	吪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五禾切
Baxter	ngwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwa/
Li Rong	/ŋuɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngo⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʷʰˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	é
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwa ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʷʰˁaj/
English	move; change
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吪
Reading #	1/1
No.	5320
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	訛
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷaːl/
Notes	同訛

Definitions

吪

^† to move; to act
- 我生之後，逢此百罹。尚寐無吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  我生之后，逢此百罹。尚寐无吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wǒ shēng zhīhòu, féng cǐ bǎilí. Shàng mèi wú é. [Pinyin]
  In the subsequent part of my life,
  We are meeting with all these evils.
  I wish I might sleep and never move again.
^† to reform; to correct
- 周公東征，四國是吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  周公东征，四国是吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zhōugōng dōng zhēng, sìguó shì é. [Pinyin]
  But the object of the duke of Zhou, in marching to the east,
  Was to reform the four States.
Alternative form of 訛／讹 (é).

Etymology 2

trad.		吪
simp. ^#		吪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huā (hua¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faa⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huā
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hua
  - Wade–Giles: hua¹
  - Yale: hwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hua
  - Palladius: хуа (xua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faa⁴
  - Yale: fàh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faa⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faː²¹/

Definitions

吪

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

“吪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

吪

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): ぐう (gū); げ (ge)

Kun: うごく (ugoku, 吪く); かえる (kaeru, 吪える); かわる (kawaru, 吪わる)

Korean

Hanja

吪 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls)

Noun

吪

Sawndip form of vah (“language”)

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