< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kneyd-, from *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxniː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnītaną[1][2]

  1. To push; knock; butt against

Inflection
Conjugation of *hnītaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnītō*hnītaų—*hnītai ?
2nd singular *hnītizi*hnītaiz*hnīt*hnītazai*hnītaizau
3rd singular *hnītidi*hnītai*hnītadau*hnītadai*hnītaidau
1st dual *hnītōz*hnītaiw———
2nd dual *hnītadiz*hnītaidiz*hnītadiz——
1st plural *hnītamaz*hnītaim—*hnītandai*hnītaindau
2nd plural *hnītid*hnītaid*hnītid*hnītandai*hnītaindau
3rd plural *hnītandi*hnītain*hnītandau*hnītandai*hnītaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnait*hnitį̄
2nd singular *hnaist*hnitīz
3rd singular *hnait*hnitī
1st dual *hnitū*hnitīw
2nd dual *hnitudiz*hnitīdiz
1st plural *hnitum*hnitīm
2nd plural *hnitud*hnitīd
3rd plural *hnitun*hnitīn
present past
participles *hnītandz*hnitanaz

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hnītan
    • Old English: hnītan
      • Middle English: *niten, *nyten
    • Old Saxon: hnītan
    • Old Dutch: *nītan
      • Middle Dutch: *niten
        • Dutch: nijten (dialectal)
  • Old Norse: hníta

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hnītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*hnītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
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