柳

See also: 枊
柳 U+67F3, 柳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F3
← 柲
[U+67F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柴 →
[U+67F4]
柳 U+F9C9, 柳
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C9
← 杻
[U+F9C8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 流 →
[U+F9CA]

Translingual

Han character

柳 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹中 (DHHL), four-corner 47920, composition ⿰木卯)

Derived characters
  • 𩋶, 𦵂

References

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 柳
alternative forms 枊
栁
桺
橮
𫞉

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 柳
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卯 *mruːʔ
昴 *mruːʔ
泖 *mruːʔ
茆 *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅 *m̥ʰruːs
窌 *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊 *m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
鄮 *mlus
劉 *m·ru
留 *m·ru, *m·rus
蒥 *m·ru
鶹 *m·ru
騮 *m·ru
榴 *m·ru
瑠 *ru
瘤 *m·ru, *m·rus
遛 *m·ru
鎦 *m·ru
飀 *m·ru
鰡 *m·ru
嵧 *m·ru
餾 *m·ru, *m·rus
瀏 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳 *m·ruʔ
珋 *m·ruʔ
罶 *m·ruʔ
嬼 *m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜 *m·rus
霤 *m·rus
廇 *m·rus
塯 *m·rus
Characters in the same phonetic series (酉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
楢 *kʰjuʔ, *lu
逎 *ʔslu
遒 *sklu, *sɡlu
蝤 *sklu, *sɡlu
揂 *sklu
酒 *ʔsluʔ
媨 *sklus
鞧 *skʰlu
緧 *skʰlu
趥 *skʰlu, *skʰluŋs
酋 *sɡlu
崷 *sɡlu
鰌 *sɡlu
煪 *sɡlu
醜 *l̥ʰjuʔ
猶 *klus, *lu, *lus
猷 *lu
輶 *lu, *luʔ, *lus
偤 *lu
莤 *lu, *sruɡ
蕕 *lu
庮 *lu, *luʔ
槱 *luʔ, *lus
梄 *luʔ
丣 *luʔ
酉 *luʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ruʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions.

Later 桺 (semantic 木 + phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ)) in small seal script.

The glyph finally turned back to 木 (mù) + 卯 (mǎo) in the current form.

Etymology

Smith (2011) reconstructs *[m-]ruʔ, with volitional or agentic prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999) and root verb 流 (OC r(j)u) "to flow", resulting in *m-ruu "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty". If unprefixed, 柳 means "the flowing one"; if prefixed, "the pouring one". Recall English weeping willow.

Pronunciation

Note:
Rime
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力久切
Baxter ljuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /liuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /liəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /luwX/
Li
Rong		 /liuX/
Wang
Li		 /lĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 liǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 lau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 liǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ljuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*([m]ə.)ruʔ/
English willow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
No. 8897
Phonetic
component		 卯
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 柳
Old
Chinese		 /*m·ruʔ/

Definitions

柳

  1. willow, a member of the genus Salix
  2. (in compounds) fillet
    雞柳／鸡柳  ―  jīliǔ  ―  chicken fillet
    牛柳  ―  niúliǔ  ―  beef tenderloin
    豬柳／猪柳  ―  zhūliǔ  ―  pork fillet
    蟹柳  ―  xièliǔ  ―  crab stick
  3. a surname
    柳宗元  ―  Liǔ Zōngyuán  ―  Liu Zongyuan (Tang dynasty writer)

Compounds
Derived terms from 柳

References

Japanese

Kanji
柳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
柳
やなぎ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry.
【やなぎ】
[noun] 柳, 楊, 楊柳: [circa 759] a willow tree
[noun] 柳, 楊柳: [999] a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”), with white on the front and greenish-blue (or yellowish-green) on the back
[noun] 柳, 楊柳: Short for 柳色 (yanagi-iro): a dark yellow-green color, as from a willow leaf
[proper noun] 柳: a surname
Alternative spellings
柳, 楊, 楊柳, ヤナギ
(This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
柳
やぎ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry.
【やぎ】
[noun] [from 759] willow tree
(This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)


Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
柳
りゅう
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/riu/ → /rjuː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 柳 (MC lɨuX). While the affix is cited in the 700s with this reading, the proper noun is first cited to a text from the mid-1400s.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɾʲɨᵝː]

Affix

柳(りゅう) • (ryū) ←りう (riu)?

  1. [from 700s] willow, especially weeping willow
  2. [from 700s] thin as a willow leaf
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

柳(りゅう) • (Ryū) ←りう (riu)?

  1. [from mid-1400s] (Chinese astronomy) the Willow as one of the twenty-eight mansions
    Synonym: 柳宿 (Ryūshuku)
  2. a female given name
  3. a surname

References
  1. “柳”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

Wikisource 柳 (eumhun 버들 류 (beodeul ryu), South Korea 버들 유 (beodeul yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 류/유 (“willow tree”).

Vietnamese

Han character

柳: Hán Nôm readings: liễu, lẫu, lãu

  1. chữ Hán form of Liễu (“a surname from Chinese.”).

Zhuang

Noun

柳

  1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)
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