竹

See also: ケ
竹 U+7AF9, 竹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AF9
← 竸
[U+7AF8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竺 →
[U+7AFA]
⽵ U+2F75, ⽵
KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO
← ⽴
[U+2F74] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽶ →
[U+2F76]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

竹 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹 (H), four-corner 88220, composition ⿰亇亇)

  1. Kangxi radical #118, ⽵.

Derived characters
  • Appendix:Chinese radical/竹
  • 𪠿, 𬳕, 𢎉, 𫇸

References
  • KangXi: page 877, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25841
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1305, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2947, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7AF9

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 竹

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 竹
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j21672

j21673

j21674

j21675

j21676

j21677

j21678

j21679

j21680

j21681

j21682

j21683

j21684

j21685

j21686

j21687

j21688

Bronze inscriptions

b06421

Small seal script

s03282

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
竺 *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤 *tuːɡ
竹 *tuɡ
筑 *tuɡ, *duɡ
築 *tuɡ
茿 *tuɡ

Pictogram (象形) – two bamboo stalks, with leaves. Earlier forms resembled 个 + 个, current form resembles rather ケ + ケ.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *b.twuːkᴰ (“bamboo strip for tying or weaving”), whence Thai ตอก (dtɔ̀ɔk, “bamboo strip”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tek/tiak - vernacular;
  • tiok - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 竹
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
/t͡su²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fu²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
Guiyang /t͡su²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂuʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡suʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡soʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡suʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡suʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡suk̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʃuk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡suk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡suk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tiɔk̚³²/
/tik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tøyʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ty²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sok̚⁵/
/ʔdiɔk̚⁵/
Rime
Character 竹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 張六切
Baxter trjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiuk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zuk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 竹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjuwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*truk/
English bamboo

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 竹
Reading # 1/1
No. 17588
Phonetic
component		 竹
Rime
group		 覺
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 竹
Old
Chinese		 /*tuɡ/

Definitions

竹

  1. (～亞科) bamboo (Classifier: 枝; 棵 m; 根 m; 轆／辘 c)
    竹子  ―  zhúzi  ―  bamboo
  2. (music) musical instrument made of bamboo
  3. a surname: Zhu

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 竹子 (“bamboo”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 竹, 篁
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 竹子
Mandarin Beijing 竹子
Taiwan 竹子
Harbin 竹子
Yantai (Muping) 竹子
Jinan 竹子
Luoyang 竹子
Wanrong 竹子
Xi'an 竹子
Yinchuan 竹子
Xining 竹子
Ürümqi 竹子
Wuhan 竹子
Chengdu 竹子
Guiyang 竹子
Guilin 竹子
Liuzhou 竹子
Xuzhou 竹子
Yangzhou 竹子
Nanjing 竹子
Hefei 竹子
Cantonese Guangzhou 竹, 竹樹 plant
Hong Kong 竹, 竹樹 plant
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 竹
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 竹
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 竹
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 竹
Macau 竹
Guangzhou (Panyu) 竹
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 竹
Guangzhou (Conghua) 竹
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 竹
Foshan 竹
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 竹
Foshan (Shunde) 竹
Foshan (Sanshui) 竹
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 竹
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 竹
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 竹
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 竹
Zhuhai (Doumen) 竹
Jiangmen (Baisha) 竹
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 竹
Taishan 竹
Kaiping (Chikan) 竹
Enping (Niujiang) 竹
Heshan (Yayao) 竹
Dongguan 竹
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 竹
Yangjiang 竹
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 竹
Gan Nanchang 竹子
Lichuan 竹仔
Pingxiang 竹子
Hakka Meixian 竹仔, 竹
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 竹
Dongguan (Qingxi) 竹
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 竹
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 竹
Conghua (Lütian) 竹
Yudu 竹子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 竹仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 竹仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 竹仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 竹
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 竹仔, 竹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 竹
Hong Kong 竹
Senai (Huiyang) 竹仔
Huizhou Jixi 竹
Jin Taiyuan 竹子
Xinzhou 竹子
Min Bei Jian'ou 竹
Min Dong Fuzhou 竹
Min Nan Xiamen 竹, 竹仔
Taipei 竹
New Taipei (Sanxia) 竹
Kaohsiung 竹仔
Yilan 竹
Changhua (Lukang) 竹
Taichung 竹仔
Tainan 竹
Hsinchu 竹仔
Kinmen 竹
Penghu (Magong) 竹
Penang (Hokkien) 竹
Manila (Hokkien) 竹
Chaozhou 竹
Bangkok (Teochew) 竹
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 竹
Leizhou 竹
Haikou 竹
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 竹
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 竹, 竹根
Wu Shanghai 竹頭
Suzhou 竹頭
Danyang 竹子
Hangzhou 竹頭
Ningbo 竹, 竹頭
Wenzhou 竹
Jinhua 竹兒
Xiang Changsha 竹子
Shuangfeng 竹子, 竹

Compounds
Derived terms from 竹

Japanese

Kanji
竹

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. bamboo

Readings

Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
竹
たけ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *takay.

Theories on derivation include:[1][2]

  • From 長生 (takeou) or 高生 (takahae), in reference to the speed at which bamboo grows.
  • Cognate with 高 (taka), 長 (take), 丈 (take) "height".
  • From 高景 (takakake) or つらこえ (tsurakoe).
  • From ta meaning "tall" (高い (takai)) + ke, ancient form of 木 (ki, “tree”).
  • A contraction of 痛快茎延へ (itakukihae), referring to the speed at which bamboo grows.
  • Ta is from Korean 대 (dae, “bamboo”) (see also 대나무 (daenamu, “bamboo”, literally “bamboo tree”)), while ke is an ancient form of 木 (ki).

Pronunciation

Noun

竹(たけ) • (take) 

  1. bamboo
    『竹(たけ)取(とり)物(もの)語(がたり)』
    “Taketori Monogatari”
    The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
  2. the middle of a 3-tier ranking system

Coordinate terms

References
  1. “タケ”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
  2. “竹”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 竹 (MC ʈɨuk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 듁〮 (tyúk) (Yale: tyuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 竹 (eumhun 대나무 죽 (daenamu juk))

  1. Hanja form? of 죽 (“bamboo”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

竹: Hán Nôm readings: trúc

  1. (Sino-Vietnamese) bamboo
  2. any bamboo species of phyllostachys
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