光
See also: 灮
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Translingual
Han character
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光 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 124, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
- Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 266, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5149
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
光 | |
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| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 光 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
光
Synonyms
- (light):
Dialectal synonyms of 光 (“light”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 光 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 光 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 光, 亮兒 † |
| Taiwan | 光 | |
| Jinan | 光, 亮兒 † | |
| Xi'an | 光, 亮 † | |
| Wuhan | 光 | |
| Chengdu | 光 | |
| Guilin | 光 | |
| Yangzhou | 光 | |
| Hefei | 光 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 光 | |
| Dagudi (Maliba) | 光 | |
| Reshuitang (Longling) | 光 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 光 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 光 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 光 |
| Hong Kong | 光 | |
| Yangjiang | 光 | |
| Beihai | 光 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 光 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 光, 亮 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 光 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 光 | |
| Móng Cái | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Guangfu) | 光 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 光 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 光, 亮 |
| Shanghang | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Jiexi) | 光 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 光, 亮 † |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 光 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 光 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 光 |
| Chaozhou | 光 | |
| Shantou | 光 | |
| Jieyang | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Hat Yai (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 光 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 光 |
| Wenzhou | 光 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 亮, 光 |
| Xiangxiang | 光 | |
| Shuangfeng | 光 | |
| Note | † - beam or lamplight | |
- (bright):
Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
Compounds
Derived terms from 光
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Descendants
Pronunciation 2
References
- “光”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #2065”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Readings
Compounds
- 竹光 (takemitsu)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ひかり Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨pi1kari⟩ → */pʲikari/ → /ɸikari/ → /hikari/
From Old Japanese.
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]
Noun
- a physically perceived light:
- a metaphorical light:
- glory, influence, power
- a glimmer, gleam
- 前途に光を失う
- zento ni hikari o ushinau
- to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
- 解決への道に光を投げかける
- kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
- to shed light on the way to a solution
- 前途に光を失う
- positive aspect
- インターネット時代の光
- intānetto jidai no hikari
- the positive aspect of the internet age
- インターネット時代の光
- a displaying, putting on airs
- a vision, eyesight
- (optics) relating to light or vision: optical, photo-
- 光ファイバー
- hikari faibā
- optical fiber
- 光ファイバー
- (colloquial) Short for 光り物 (hikarimono): sashimi with some of the silver-colored skin left
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- ぴかぴか (pikapika)
- ぴかり (pikari, “glitteringly, sparklingly”)
- 光カード (hikari kādo, “optical card”)
- 光コンピュータ (hikari konpyūta, “optical computer”)
- 光ディスク (hikari disuku, “optical disc”)
- 光通信 (hikari tsūshin, “optical communication”)
- 光通信ケーブル (hikari tsūshin kēburu, “optical communication cable, fiberoptic cable”)
- 光ファイバー (hikari faibā, “optical fiber”)
- 光伝道度 (hikari dendōdo, “photoconductivity”)
- 光分解 (hikari bunkai, “optical degradation, photodegradation”)
- 稲光 (inabikari)
- 死に光 (shinibikari)
- 七光 (nanahikari)
- 蛍の光 (Hotaru no Hikari)
Idiom
Descendants
- → Okinawan: 光 (fikari)
Proper noun
光 • (Hikari)
- a placename, such as that of a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture
- one of the bullet train services running on the 東海道 (Tōkaido) or 山陽 (San'yō) shinkansen
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ひか(る) Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwɑŋ).
Compare modern Mandarin 光 (guāng), Hakka 光 (kông), and Min Nan 光 (kong).
Affix
Derived terms
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwɑŋ).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 빗〮 (Yale: pís) | 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [광]
Compounds
Compounds
- 관광 (觀光, gwan'gwang)
- 광명 (光明, gwangmyeong)
- 광선 (光線, gwangseon)
- 광속 (光速, gwangsok)
- 광택 (光澤, gwangtaek)
- 광학 (光學, gwanghak)
- 광합성 (光合成, gwanghapseong)
- 광휘 (光輝, gwanghwi)
- 발광 (發光, balgwang)
- 섬광 (閃光, seomgwang)
- 야광 (夜光, yagwang)
- 영광 (榮光, yeonggwang)
- 일광 (日光, ilgwang)
- 전광석화 (電光石火, jeon'gwangseokhwa)
- 형광 (螢光, hyeonggwang)
- 후광 (後光, hugwang)
Okinawan
Compounds
- 夜光貝 (yakugē)
Derived terms
- 月ぬ光 (chichi nu fichai)
- 日ぬ光 (fī nu fichai)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ふぃかり Grade: 2 |
Borrowed from Japanese 光 (hikari).
Doublet of 光 (fichai) above.
Derived terms
- う光 (ufikari)
References
Old Japanese
Etymology
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (pi1karu, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.
Descendants
- Japanese: 光 (hikari)
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
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