副

副 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 1260₀, composition ⿰畐刂)

• 㨽, 𫋖, 𨄩, 𠠦, 𦸕

• KangXi: page 142, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
• Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 347, character 16
• Unihan data for U+526F

Historical forms of the character 副
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ) : phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

副

1. secondary; auxiliary

   副產物／副产物  ―  fùchǎnwù  ―  byproduct

   副作用  ―  fùzuòyòng  ―  side effect

   • 秦皇帝東游，良與客狙擊秦皇帝博浪沙中，誤中副車。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     秦皇帝东游，良与客狙击秦皇帝博浪沙中，误中副车。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Qín Huángdì dōng yóu, Liáng yǔ kè jūjī Qín Huángdì Bólàng shā zhōng, wù zhòng fù chē. [Pinyin]

     Zhang Liang and his hire were lying in wait in the dunes of Bolang to attack the Emperor of Qin who was on his eastward tour. However, they hit his auxiliary carriage by mistake.

2. duplicate

   副本  ―  fùběn  ―  duplicate; copy

   • 藏之名山，副在京師，俟後世聖人君子。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     藏之名山，副在京师，俟后世圣人君子。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Cáng zhī míngshān, fù zài Jīngshī, sì hòushì shèngrén jūnzǐ. [Pinyin]

     I will induct them into the monumentous archives of the state while the copies circulate in our capital. By this, I await the future generations of wisdom and virtue.

3. (grammar) Short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”).
4. Classifier for pairs, sets of things, medical prescriptions, facial expressions, etc..

   一副手套  ―  yī fù shǒutào  ―  a pair of gloves

   一副小人嘴臉／一副小人嘴脸  ―  yī fù xiǎorén zuǐliǎn  ―  a face (roughly, "a set of looks") with "villain" written all over it

5. assistant; deputy

   副手  ―  fùshǒu  ―  assistant

   1. (nautical) mate (an officer of the ship)

      大副  ―  dàfù  ―  first mate

6. sub-; vice- (subsidiary, secondary)

   副省級／副省级  ―  fùxǐngjí  ―  sub-provincial level

   副總統／副总统  ―  fùzǒngtǒng  ―  vice-president

7. (literary) to match; to agree; to be concordant; to be congruent

   名不副實／名不副实  ―  míngbùfùshí  ―  in name only; the name/reputation fails to match the reality

   • 華實副則禮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     华实副则礼。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version

     Huá shí fù zé lǐ. [Pinyin]

     If ornamentation and substance are paired, then it is li.

8. (obsolete) name of an ornamental headdress

   • 夫人副褘立于房中。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫人副袆立于房中。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fūrén fù yī lì yú fáng zhōng. [Pinyin]

     [A]nd his wife, in her head-dress and embroidered robe, stood in her room.

As classifier, it should not be confused with 幅 (fú).

副

1. ^† to split open

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō); ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō); ふう (fū)
• Kun: そう (sō, 副う); そえ (soe)

• 介(かい)副(ぞえ) (kaizoe)

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC pʰɨuH).

• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

副(ふく) • (fuku) 

1. copy
2. Short for 副詞 (fukushi, “adverb”).

副(ふく) • (fuku-) 

1. assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC pʰɨuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〯 (pwǔ) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource 副 (eumhun 버금 부 (beogeum bu))

1. Hanja form^? of 부 (“secondary; auxiliary”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

副: Hán Nôm readings: phó, pho

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